Abstract
In 1868, the Meiji government was established by the Meiji Emperor. The new government adopted a policy of modernization in political, economic, and cultural affairs. The first step was to hire foreign instructors in a wide range of affairs. The next step was to send Japanese researchers to Western countries. Astronomy started with positional astronomy in the adoption of the Gregorian calendar and the construction of a new observatory. The study of physics was launched in the fields of geophysics, spectroscopy, and atomic physics. In the early twentieth century, Shinjo Shinzo of Kyoto University and Ichinoe Naozo of the Tokyo Astronomical Observatory (TAO) were greatly impressed by astrophysics in their foreign studies. This was the initial phase of astrophysics in Japan.
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