Astrocytes Are Involved in the Effects of Ketamine on Synaptic Transmission in Rat Primary Somatosensory Cortex.

Abstract

Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, is widely used as a general anaesthetic. However, the mechanisms of analgesic/anaesthetic effects induced by ketamine are only partially understood. Previously, studies have demonstrated that various general anaesthetics affect the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), a potential target of general anaesthetics in the central nervous system. However, it is unknown if astrocyte activities affect ketamine's effects on information transmission in S1 pyramidal neurons. The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was employed to study the role of astrocytes in ketamine-induced anaesthetic actions. The whole-cell patch-clamp method was used to record the spontaneous postsynaptic currents (SPSCs) of rat S1 pyramidal neurons. We used the glia-selective inhibitor of the aconitase enzyme fluorocitrate (FC), to test if astrocyte activities alter the effects of ketamine on S1 pyramidal neurons. Ketamine lowered the SPSCs of rat S1 pyramidal neurons in a concentration-dependent manner at clinically relevant doses. The concentration-effect curve revealed that ketamine had an EC50 value of 462.1 M for suppressing SPSCs. In rat S1 pyramidal neurons, the glia-selective metabolic inhibitor fluorocitrate (FC), which inhibits the aconitase enzyme, lowered the amplitude and frequency of SPSCs. The inhibitory impact of ketamine on the amplitude and frequency of SPSCs was significantly amplified in the presence of FC. Astrocytes impact the effects of ketamine on pre- and postsynaptic components and play a role in synaptic transmission.