Astrocyte glucose metabolism highlights the link between cannabis use and social behavior.

Abstract

The central nervous system (CNS) comprises of neurons and non-neuronal glial cells. Astrocytes are the most abundant type of specialized glial cells found in the CNS. Being a key component of the CNS, astrocytes perform several complex functions associated with behavioral changes as well as acting as the first responders to all forms of CNS insults (1). In recent years, significant progress has been made towards elucidating the role of astrocytes in CNS pathologies and this substantial amount of research has led to the identification of a vast molecular arsenal that is available at the disposal of the astrocytes. A major function of astrocytes is to capture glucose from the blood stream to provide energy and allow the necessary neuronal activity to take place. This apparently simple function ensures and allows for cognitive functions to be performed at an optimal level. Depending on the physiological status, the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) varies among different cell types. On one hand, astrocytes predominantly rely on glycolysis for energy production and generate lactate from glucose or glycogen as the source in response to neuronal signals.