Abstract
BackgroundAsthma is one of the most common chronic diseases, and prevalence, severity and medication may have an effect on pregnancy. We examined maternal asthma, asthma severity and control in relation to pregnancy complications, labour characteristics and perinatal outcomes.MethodsWe retrieved data on all singleton births from July 1, 2006 to December 31, 2009, and prescribed drugs and physician-diagnosed asthma on the same women from multiple Swedish registers. The associations were estimated with logistic regression.ResultsIn total, 266 045 women gave birth to 284 214 singletons during the study period. Maternal asthma was noted in 26 586 (9.4%) pregnancies. There was an association between maternal asthma and increased risks of pregnancy complications including preeclampsia or eclampsia (adjusted OR 1.15; 95% CI 1.06–1.24) and premature contractions (adj OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.29–1.80). There was also a significant association between maternal asthma and emergency caesarean section (adj OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.23–1.34), low birth weight, and small for gestational age (adj OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.13–1.33). The risk of adverse outcomes such as low birth weight increased with increasing asthma severity. For women with uncontrolled compared to those with controlled asthma the results for adverse outcomes were inconsistent displaying both increased and decreased OR for some outcomes.ConclusionMaternal asthma is associated with a number of serious pregnancy complications and adverse perinatal outcomes. Some complications are even more likely with increased asthma severity. With greater awareness and proper management, outcomes would most likely improve.
Highlights
Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases with reported prevalence between 3.7 and 8.4% [1,2]
Maternal asthma has been associated with an increased prevalence of labour characteristics including caesarean section and placental abruption [9,10,11,12], or perinatal outcomes such as low birth weight, prematurity and small for gestational age (SGA) [6,12,13,14,15] but studies are non-consistent [2,7,16]
Maternal asthma was associated with an increased risk of almost all pregnancy complications, Table 2
Summary
Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases with reported prevalence between 3.7 and 8.4% [1,2]. Maternal asthma has been associated with an increased prevalence of labour characteristics including caesarean section and placental abruption [9,10,11,12], or perinatal outcomes such as low birth weight, prematurity and small for gestational age (SGA) [6,12,13,14,15] but studies are non-consistent [2,7,16]. There is a call for larger studies to assess the effect of maternal asthma, severity and control on pregnancy complications, labour and perinatal outcomes. Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases, and prevalence, severity and medication may have an effect on pregnancy. Asthma severity and control in relation to pregnancy complications, labour characteristics and perinatal outcomes
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