Asthma disparities among U.S. children and adults

Abstract

Objective To assess factors that are associated with asthma prevalence and asthma attacks among children (0–17 years) and adults (18 years and over) in the United States of America. Methods The 2019–2021 National Health Interview Survey data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression models to determine associations between health outcomes (i.e. current asthma and asthma attacks) and demographic and socioeconomic factors. Each health outcome was regressed over each characteristic variable, adjusting for age, sex, and race/ethnicity for adults and sex and race/ethnicity for children. Results Asthma was more common among children who were male, blacks, parental education less than bachelor’s, or had public health insurance, and among adults who had less than a bachelor’s degree, do not own a home, or not in the workforce. Persons in families facing difficulty paying medical bills were more likely to have current asthma (children: aPR = 1.62[1.40–1.88]; adults: aPR = 1.67[1.55–1.81]) and asthma attacks (children: aPR = 1.34[1.15–1.56]; adults: aPR = 1.31[1.20–1.43]). Persons with family income <100% federal poverty threshold (FPT) (children: aPR = 1.39[1.17–1.64]; adults: aPR = 1.64[1.50–1.80]) or adults 100–199% FPT (aPR = 1.28[1.19–1.39]) were more likely to have current asthma. Children and adults with family income <100% FPT and adults 100–199% FPT were also more likely to have asthma attacks. Having asthma attacks was common among adults not in the workforce as well (aPR = 1.17[1.07–1.27]). Conclusions Asthma affects certain groups disproportionately. The findings of this paper suggesting asthma disparities continue to persist may increase public health programs awareness to better deliver effective and evidence-based interventions.