Astaxanthin mitigates cobalt cytotoxicity in the MG-63 cells by modulating the oxidative stress

Dahe Li,Weidong Xu,Yuming Zou,Chen Zhang,Denghui Liu,Wenwen Tong

doi:10.1186/s40360-017-0166-1

Dahe Li, Weidong Xu + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.1186/s40360-017-0166-1

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Abstract

BackgroundWith the re-popularity of metal-on-metal (MoM) bearing in recent years, the cobalt toxicity has been a cause for concern in the total hip replacement surgery by both physicians and patients.MethodsMG-63 cell line was cultured in vitro and incubated with cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl2) and/or with astaxanthin (ASX) for 24 h. MTT assay was conducted to evaluate the cell viability after cobalt exposure and ASX treatment. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis was performed to examine the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was adopted to determine the mRNA levels of related targets. And western blot analysis was used to examine the protein expressions. One-way ANOVA with posttest Newman-Keuls multiple comparisons was adopted to analysis all the obtained data.ResultsIn the current study, ASX exhibited significant protective effect against the Co(II)-induced cytotoxicity in MG-63 cell line. We also found that ASX protected the cells against Co-induced apoptosis by regulating the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins. Besides, heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) could be activated by Co exposure; ASX treatment significantly inhibited HO-1 activation, suppressing the oxidative stress induced by Co exposure. Moreover, c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) phosphorylation was shown to participate in the signaling pathway of the protective effect of ASX. However, knockdown of JNK expression by siRNA transfection or JNK inhibitor SP600125 treatment did not affect the protective effect of ASX against cobalt cytotoxicity in MG-63 cells.ConclusionsASX mitigated cobalt cytotoxicity in the MG-63 cells by modulating the oxidative stress. And ASX could be a promising therapy against cobalt toxicity in the hip articulation surgery.

Highlights

With the re-popularity of metal-on-metal (MoM) bearing in recent years, the cobalt toxicity has been a cause for concern in the total hip replacement surgery by both physicians and patients
Astaxanthin significantly ameliorated the cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by cobalt treatment First, we observed the cytotoxic effect of Co2+ (10, 50, 100, 200, 400 μM) treatment (24 h) in the viability of human MG-63 cells
Compared to Co2+-treated group, the Co2+-exposed MG-63 cells treated by ASX exhibited a significant increase in the cell viability, as the concentration of ASX increased from 1 nM to 20 nM (Fig. 1b, Additional file 1: Table S2)

Summary

Introduction

With the re-popularity of metal-on-metal (MoM) bearing in recent years, the cobalt toxicity has been a cause for concern in the total hip replacement surgery by both physicians and patients. Astaxanthin (ASX) is a dark red pigment and a dietary carotenoid found in algae, crustaceans, and fish [21, 22]. Despite that it is a primary component of coloration, ASX is a protective agent in marine plants and fish. Some studies reported that ASX has other potent biological activity such as anti-inflammation, anticancer and immuno-modulation [25]. Lin et al found that ASX stimulates immune responses by enhancing IFN-gamma and IL-2 Secretion in primary cultured lymphocytes in vitro and ex vivo [29]

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Conclusion