Assumptions of the Dialectical Method

Abstract

Marx employed a wide array of analytical tools and strategies. However, how the elements of his approach across its range are related to one another was left rather undeveloped by him and Engel's contributions have done little to clear up subsequent confusions. Marx also considered that his science compared well in meeting the basic criteria of sound method. All scientific methods share the fact that they must start with a series of assumptions before data gathering commences. The ongoing debates over Marx's dialectical method would be wise to clear up the assumptions with which Marx worked as he gathered and analyzed his data. Toward that end, Marx's approach to “totality”, “abstraction”, “internal relations”, “necessity versus contingency”, assumptions about individuals and society, his approach to essentialism, materialism versus idealism, functionalism, organicism, and the dynamic character of social relations are examined.