Abstract
Secondary soil salinization is a major factor limiting crop production in greenhouses. The lack of availability of fertilizer is a key problem that restricts improvement of saline soil. The present study investigated the effectiveness of bio-organic fertilizer that alleviated the stress of salt in greenhouse saline soil using a variety of fertilization methods. Five fertilization methods were compared, including bio-organic fertilizer (S-1), excess bio-organic fertilizer (S-2), bio-organic fertilizer with a single soil conditioner (M-1), bio-organic fertilizer with two soil conditioners (M-2), and no fertilizer (CK). The results indicate that the co-application of bio-organic fertilizer and soil conditioner is an optimal treatment for enhanced fertilizer efficiency, reduced salinity, improved soil structure, and optimization of microbial community function. Total dissolved salt after application of M-1 and M-2 treatments was 16.39% and 41.36% lower than that of CK (P < 0.01), respectively. Conversely, total dissolved salt after S-2 was 1.95-fold higher than that of CK when using excess bio-organic fertilizer. The use of S-2 also resulted in increased EC, in addition to the quantity of Na+ and Ca2+. Co-application of bio-organic fertilizer and soil conditioner treatments (M-1 and M-2) increased the quantity of organic matter 1.27 and 1.50-fold, respectively, in addition to increasing the quantity of humus in both treatments (P < 0.05). The stability of aggregates in M-1 and M-2 increased significantly (P < 0.01). Furthermore, compared with CK, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes bacteria were significantly enriched (P < 0.05) after M-1 and M-2, whereas Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria declined significantly (P < 0.05). Therefore, the present study suggests that co-application of bio-organic fertilizer and soil conditioner could be used to mitigate salt accumulation, and provides a solution for the disposal of organic waste.
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