Abstract
An associative acrylamide-based tetra-polymer (PAVO) with sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonate (NaAMPS), vinyl biphenyl (VP) and a novel macromonomer APEO: allyl-capped octylphenoxy poly(ethylene oxide) (degree of polymerization: 14), exhibited low apparent viscosities in water. However, the apparent viscosities were much higher in brine solutions with high salinities, e.g., 100 g/L NaCl. The NaCl or CaCl2 solutions displayed excellent salt-thickening effect induced by metallic uni- or bivalent cations. In order to reveal the correlative relationship between associative structures and solution properties for this polymer, the intermolecular hydrophobic associations in water and in brine solutions, as a function of polymer, NaCl and CaCl2 concentrations, and APEO and VP feed amounts, were investigated by the fluorescence spectroscopy. Moreover, the sizes of polymer chains and aggregates in NaCl solutions were measured with dynamic light scattering (DLS). The results showed that the excellent thickening behavior in NaCl or CaCl2 solutions was owing to the expanded conformation of non-linear polymer chains and the suitably strong intermolecular associations induced by metallic uni- or bivalent cations. Optimum intermolecular associations could be formed by the incorporation of APEO together with VP to PAVO.
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