Associations of Statins and Diabetes with Diagnosis of Ulcerated Cutaneous Melanoma

Abstract

Ulcerated primary melanomas are associated with an inflammatory tumor microenvironment. We hypothesized that systemic proinflammatory states and anti-inflammatory medications are also associated with a diagnosis of ulcerated melanoma. In a cross-sectional study of 787 patients with newly diagnosed clinical stage IB or II melanoma, we estimated odds ratios for the association of proinflammatory factors (high body mass index, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and smoking) or the use of anti-inflammatory medications (statins, aspirin, corticosteroids, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), with ulcerated primary melanoma using regression models and subgroup analyses to control for melanoma thickness and mitotic rate. On the basis of information from 194 patients with ulcerated and 593 patients with nonulcerated primary melanomas, regular statin users had lower likelihood of a diagnosis of ulcerated primary melanoma (odds ratio 0.67, 95% confidence interval 0.45-0.99), and this association remained after adjusting for age, sex, thickness, and mitosis. When analysis was limited to melanomas that were ≤2 mm thick and had ≤2 mitoses/mm2 (40 ulcerated; 289 without ulceration), patients with diabetes had significantly raised odds of diagnosis of ulcerated melanoma (odds ratio 2.90, 95% confidence interval 1.07-7.90), adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and statin use. These findings support our hypotheses that statin use is inversely associated, and diabetes is positively associated, with ulcerated melanoma.