Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Recent studies have suggested that microbial and environmental factors including diet and lifestyle can impact on colon cancer development. Vitamin D deficiency and dysfunction of vitamin D receptor (VDR) also correlate with colon cancer. Moreover, leptin, a 16-kDa polypeptide, participates in the regulation of food intake and is associated with other environmental factors affecting colon cancer through the leptin receptor. Altered levels of serum leptin and patterns of expression of its receptor (LPR) may be observed in human colon tumours. Furthermore, the collected data from in vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that consuming probiotic non-pathogenic lactic acid bacteria have beneficial effects on colon cancer. Probiotics, inflammation and vitamin D/VDR have been correlated with leptin and its receptor and are also with colon cancer. Thus, in this paper, we review recent progress on the roles of probiotic, vitamin D/VDR and leptin/LPR in inflammation and colon cancer.
Highlights
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide (Yu et al, 2014)
Imbalance between different species of gut bacteria is assumed to be related with CRC risk factors such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) .Among other environmental factors such as diet, Vitamin D is important factor and regulates reaction to intestinal immune responses, anti-inflammation, and cancer inhibition via vitamin D receptor (VDR)
Adiposity, inflammation and vitamin D have been correlated with leptin and its receptor and are correlated with colon cancer (Slattery et al, 2003; Slattery et al, 2008)
Summary
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide (Yu et al, 2014). Microbes may influence multiple processes correlated with a change in cancer risk and removal of the inflammatory bacteria by probiotic bacteria is one potential mechanism that may modulate disease severity (O’mahony et al, 2001) Consuming some probiotic such as Lactobacillus casei, demonstrated inhibition effect on colorectal tumor growth in patients (Ishikawa et al, 2005). Adiposity, inflammation and vitamin D have been correlated with leptin and its receptor and are correlated with colon cancer (Slattery et al, 2003; Slattery et al, 2008) In this current review, we will focus on recent progress on the roles of vitamin D, leptin and their receptors (VDR and LPR) in inflammatory and colon cancer. We will review the probiotic effect on colon cancer and two important related factors; VDR and LPR (Figure 1)
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