Associations of long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants with metabolic syndrome: The Wuhan Chronic Disease Cohort Study (WCDCS)

Abstract

BackgroundEvidence on the associations between long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants (including particle with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm (PM10), particle with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2)) and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains inconclusive. This study aimed to determine the associations based on a case-control study nested in the Wuhan Chronic Disease Cohort study (WCDCS), a population-based study with baseline survey in 2019. MethodsA total of 10,253 residents living in Wuhan were recruited. The 3-year average concentrations of main pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, O3, NO2, and SO2) at residences prior to the survey date were estimated to evaluate the long-term exposures. The generalized linear mixed models were used to investigate the changes in MetS prevalence by an IQR increases in each air pollutant exposure concentrations. Interaction effects between air pollutants and demographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors on MetS were evaluated by including an interactive item in the main model. ResultsThe prevalence of MetS in Wuhan was 9.8%, and the 3-year exposure concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, O3, NO2, and SO2 were 84.1 μg/m3, 50.5 μg/m3, 55.7 μg/m3, 46.0 μg/m3, and 9.4 μg/m3, respectively. Higher PM10, PM2.5 and O3 exposure concentrations were associated with an elevated MetS prevalence (e.g. an IQR increase in PM2.5, OR = 1.193, 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs): 1.028, 1.385; for O3, OR = 1.074, 95%CIs: 1.025, 1.124), whereas NO2, and SO2 were negatively or insignificant correlated with odds of Mets (e.g. an IQR increase in NO2, OR = 0.865, 95%CIs: 0.795, 0.941). Males, smokers, alcohol drinkers and individuals who intake fruits occasionally exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 were found had a higher risk of developing MetS. ConclusionsLong-term exposure to higher concentrations of ambient air pollutants may elevate the prevalence of MetS in populations in Central China. Susceptible individuals especially those with unhealthy lifestyles had a higher risk for MetS.