Abstract
BackgroundMaternal family history of diabetes was significantly and positively associated with birth weight in grandchildren, we aim to assess the effect of grandparental diabetes on the grandchild’ body mass index (BMI) at infancy peak (IP) and obesity status at age 2.MethodsIn our study, family diabetes mellitus (DM) information from Ma’anshan Birth Cohort Study (MABC) were gathered. For children, height and weight were retrieved from medical records. BMI at 6 observations (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 months) was plotted for every child. Onset of IP was determined by visual inspection. BMI at age 2 was categorized according to WHO Child Growth Standards as normal, overweight or obesity. The association between maternal grandfather’ diabetes and the grandchild’ BMI at IP and BMI at age 2 were tested using linear regression models and logistic regression models, respectively.ResultsIn our sample, about 6% of the maternal grandfather had DM, mean of infancy BMI peak was 18.37 kg/m2, and 6.6% of the children were obesity at age 2. Maternal grandfather with DM could significantly increase the IP BMI values (β = 0.30, 95 CI = 0.02~0.57), and was associated with obesity status at age 2 (OR = 1.92, 95 CI = 1.08~3.39), but maternal grandmother and paternal grandparents were unrelated.ConclusionThese results suggest that DM in maternal grandfather may be a risk factor for the grandchild high BMI at peak and obesity at age 2.
Highlights
Maternal family history of diabetes was significantly and positively associated with birth weight in grandchildren, we aim to assess the effect of grandparental diabetes on the grandchild’ body mass index (BMI) at infancy peak (IP) and obesity status at age 2
One of the most critical periods proposed to be infancy BMI peak (IP), IP refers to the decrease in BMI following the maximum BMI at approximately 9 month of age [4], high BMI at IP could be used as a potential surrogate indicator for early development of obesity
0.10 −0.19~0.40 a: Adjusted for infant gender, birth term, feeding pattern, monthly income, education, GDM, hypertension disorders complicating pregnancy (HDCP), maternal age, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, paternal BMI, GWG, production times, delivery way BMI body mass index, IP infancy peak, GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, GWG gestational weight gain, HDCP hypertensive disorder complication pregnancy *P
Summary
Maternal family history of diabetes was significantly and positively associated with birth weight in grandchildren, we aim to assess the effect of grandparental diabetes on the grandchild’ body mass index (BMI) at infancy peak (IP) and obesity status at age 2. One of the most critical periods proposed to be infancy BMI peak (IP), IP refers to the decrease in BMI following the maximum BMI at approximately 9 month of age [4], high BMI at IP could be used as a potential surrogate indicator for early development of obesity, Several studies have paid close attention to the intergenerational cycle of diabetes mellitus and obesity [7]. Trans-generational inheritance of metabolic disease remains controversial, it is noticed that family history of diabetes was non-modifiable risk factor for the prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome and hypertension [10]. Diabetes in grandparents was a risk factor of diabetes in children [11], and studies have shown a clear association between
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