Associations of General and Abdominal Obesity with the Risk of Glioma Development.

Stephen Ahn,Jung-Eun Lee,Sin-Soo Jeun,Yong-Moon Park,Seung Ho Yang,Kyungdo Han

doi:10.3390/cancers13122859

Abstract

Simple SummaryWhile obesity is a well-known risk factor for the development of various types of cancer, conflicting results have been reported concerning the relationship between obesity and the risk of glioma. To date, no studies have evaluated the association between obesity and risk of glioma development in Eastern Asian populations, who usually have greater fat mass and less muscle and are more likely to develop several metabolic diseases than Western populations of the same body mass index (BMI) category. In this nationwide population-based study, we suggest, for the first time, positive associations of general and central obesity with the risk of glioma development. In addition, we demonstrate a stronger association between abdominal obesity and the risk of glioma development than BMI and the risk of glioma development. The association between obesity and the risk of glioma remains unclear. We sought to evaluate the potential association between general and abdominal obesity and the risk of glioma based on a nationwide population-based cohort study of Koreans. Using data from the Korean National Health Insurance System cohort, 6,833,744 people older than 20 years who underwent regular national health examination in both 2009 and 2011 were followed until the end of 2017. We documented 4771 glioma cases based on an ICD-10 code of C71 during the median follow-up period of 7.30 years. Individuals with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 were at significantly higher risk of developing glioma than those with a BMI < 25.0 kg/m2 (HR 1.08 CI 1.02–1.15). Individuals with a waist circumference (WC) ≥ 90 cm (males)/85 cm (females) also had a significantly higher risk of glioma than those with a WC < 90 cm (males)/85 cm (females) (HR 1.16 CI 1.09–1.24). In the group with a BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2, individuals with abdominal obesity were at significantly higher risk of developing glioma (HR 1.18 CI 1.09–1.27) than those without abdominal obesity. The role of abdominal obesity in this association was stronger in women than in men. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that obese people may be at higher risk of glioma, especially centrally obese people from an Asian population with a BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2. Loss of visceral fat in people with abdominal obesity may reduce their risk of developing glioma.

Highlights

Gliomas refer to a heterogeneous histologic group of tumors, mainly glioblastomas, diffuse astrocytomas, and oligodendrogliomas, and are the most common primary brain malignancy in adults [1,2]
Height, weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), no alcohol consumption, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were significantly associated with the development of a glioma (p < 0.001)
When individuals were divided into five groups according to BMI, those with a BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2 were at higher risk of developing gliomas than those with 18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 23.0 kg/m2 (HR 1.27 confidence intervals (CI) 1.09–1.48 in model 2)

Summary

Introduction

Gliomas refer to a heterogeneous histologic group of tumors, mainly glioblastomas, diffuse astrocytomas, and oligodendrogliomas, and are the most common primary brain malignancy in adults [1,2]. Numerous investigators have sought to identify the risk factors associated with the development of a glioma to inhibit the genesis and progression of these tumors, the etiology of glioma remains unclear [5,6]. Modifiable lifestyle and environmental factors that increase the risk of glioma are poorly understood [5,6]. A recent biological study suggested that adipocyte-released factors can promote the growth and progression of glioma cells [24]. Recent clinical studies supported potential associations between body composition and the progression of tumors in patients with brain malignancies [25,26]

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