Abstract
IntroductionSuboptimal health status (SHS), an intermediate state between chronic disease and health, is characterized by chronic fatigue, non-specific pain, headaches, dizziness, anxiety, depression, and functional system disorders with a high prevalence worldwide. Although some lifestyle factors (e.g. smoking, alcohol consumption, physical exercise) and environmental factors (e.g. air quality, noise, living conditions) have already been studied, few studies can comprehensively illustrate the associations of lifestyle and environment factors with general, physical, mental, and social SHS.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 6750 urban residents aged 14 years or over in five random cities from September 2017 to September 2018 through face-to-face questionnaires. There were 5881 valid questionnaires with a response rate of 87%. A general linear model and structural equation model were developed to quantify the effects of lifestyle behaviors and environment factors on SHS.ResultsThe detection rates of general, physical, mental, and social SHS were 66.7, 67.0, 65.5, and 70.0%, respectively. Good lifestyle behaviors and favorable environment factors positively affected SHS (P < 0.001). Lifestyle behaviors had the largest effect on physical SHS (β = − 0.418), but the least on social SHS (β = − 0.274). Environment factors had the largest effect on mental SHS (β = 0.286), but the least on physical SHS (β = 0.225).ConclusionsLifestyle behaviors and environment factors were important influencing factors of SHS. Physical SHS was more associated with lifestyle. Lifestyle and environment were similarly associated with mental and social SHS.
Highlights
Suboptimal health status (SHS), an intermediate state between chronic disease and health, is characterized by chronic fatigue, non-specific pain, headaches, dizziness, anxiety, depression, and functional system disorders with a high prevalence worldwide
Participant demographic characteristics This study surveyed 6750 urban Chinese residents aged 14 year old or more who had lived in an area for the preceding over 6 months
66.7% were in general SHS (GS), 67.0% were in physical SHS (PS), 65.5% were in mental SHS (MS), and 70.0% were in SS
Summary
Suboptimal health status (SHS), an intermediate state between chronic disease and health, is characterized by chronic fatigue, non-specific pain, headaches, dizziness, anxiety, depression, and functional system disorders with a high prevalence worldwide. Health was defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1946 as “a state of complete physical, mental, social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” [1, 2]. It is reported that NCDs accounted for an estimated 80% of total deaths, responsible for 70% of all disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in the early twentieth century [3]. A study found that NCDs accounted for 18 of the leading 20 causes of age-standardized years lived with disability worldwide [6]. The preclinical status of NCDs and their early detection have become major issues in the promotion of basic health services during health care reform [7]
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