Abstract
Dyslipidaemia, a significant risk factor of CVD, is threatening human health worldwide. PUFA are crucial long-chain fatty acids for TAG synthesis and removal, potentially decreasing dyslipidaemia risk. We examined dyslipidaemia prevalence among 15244 adults aged ≥ 20 years from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2016. Dyslipidaemia was defined as total cholesterol ≥ 240 mg/dl, or HDL-cholesterol < 40 mg/dl/50 mg/dl for males/females, respectively, or LDL-cholesterol ≥ 160 mg/dl, or TAG ≥ 200 mg/dl, or taking lipid-modifying medications. We measured the daily PUFA intake using a 24-h dietary recall. Demographics, social economics,and lifestyle factors were collected using questionnaires/interviews. Additionally, we measured Se and Hg levels in the whole blood. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between PUFA and dyslipidaemia. The unweighted and weighted dyslipidaemia prevalences were 72·4% and 71·0 %, respectively. When grouped into tertiles, PUFA intake above 19·524 g/d was associated with an independent 19 % decrease in dyslipidaemia risk (OR = 0·81 (95 % CI 0·71, 0·94)) compared with the lowest tertile (PUFA intake ≤ 12·349 g/d). A threshold inverse association was further determined by the restricted cubic spline analysis. When PUFA intake was increased to its turning point, that is, 19 g/d, the lower nadir risk for dyslipidaemia was obtained (OR = 0·72 (95 % CI 0·56, 0·89)). When the exposure was the sum of α-linolenic acid and octadecatetraenoic acid, the inverse linear association remained. Dietary PUFA intake is a beneficial factor for dyslipidaemia among American adults, independent of many potential confounders, including Hg and Se.
Highlights
Dyslipidaemia is one of the manifestations of the metabolic syndrome characterised by a change in the blood lipid profiles[1]
Lower intakes of PUFA, protein, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), ALA, octadecatetraenoic acid (ODTA), the sum of ALA and ODTA, and Hg were observed in dyslipidaemia participants
The associations were consistent between males and females. In this cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of the US adults using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2016, we found inverse associations of both intakes of PUFA, and the sum of ALA and ODTA with the risk of dyslipidaemia, after controlling for some potential cofounders including blood Se and Hg
Summary
Dyslipidaemia is one of the manifestations of the metabolic syndrome characterised by a change in the blood lipid profiles[1]. Increased oily fish consumption was associated with a lower risk of hypertriacylglycerolaemia in the general Korean population[1] In another randomised controlled trial study[16], 6-month use of DHA and EPA 900 mg/d was associated with a reduction in LDL-cholesterol and TAG levels. Another study claimed that comparing the highest with lowest quartiles, the prevalence ratios of the Se–Zn pattern is 1·36 (95 % CI 1·13, 1·63) for the metabolic syndrome with National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014(20) This result corroborated with a study, which found that high Se level is associated with increased TC, LDLcholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and TAG[21].
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