Abstract
Associations of dietary intake on biological markers of inflammation in children and Adolescents: A systematic review
Highlights
Inflammation is a physiological response to cellular and tissue damage
Low-grade inflammation in children and adolescents has been associated with the development of co- and multi-morbid conditions to mental health pathologies [9,10,11,12], including cardiovascular disease [13,14], metabolic syndrome [15], type-II diabetes [16] and obesity [17], making inflammation an important therapeutic target to study, especially for individuals suffering from those conditions
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Summary
Inflammation is a physiological response to cellular and tissue damage. It is designed to protect the host from bacteria, viruses and infections by eliminating pathogens, promoting cellular repair and restoring homeostatic conditions [1]. Diet quality is a potential mechanism of action that can exacerbate or ameliorate low-grade inflammation; the exact way dietary intake can regulate the immune response in children and adolescents is still to be fully understood. Results: Results show that adequate adherence to healthful dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet, or food groups such as vegetables and fruit, or macro/micro nutrients such as fibre or vitamin C and E, are associated with decreased levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, mainly c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), whereas adherence to a Western dietary pattern, as well as intake of food groups such as added sugars, macro-nutrients such as saturated fatty acids or ultra-processed foods, is associated with higher levels of the same pro-inflammatory biomarkers. A good quality diet, high in vegetable and fruit intake, wholegrains, fibre and healthy fats ameliorates low-grade inflammation, and represents a promising therapeutic approach, as well as an important element for disease prevention in both children and adolescents
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