Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the biggest healthcare and financial problems worldwide. The disease is strongly associated with microvascular and macrovascular complications, causing co-existing diseases like Diabetic Retinopathy, Diabetic Neuropathy and Diabetic Nephropathy. Annual healthcare expenditures for diabetes treatment and complications prevention cost 727 billion USD in year 2017.Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Retinal Neuropathy are closely related diseases - originating from incorrectly controlled glycemia, blood pressure and lipid levels in the course of increasing resistance of the body tissues to insulin.Irrespectively of thorough programs for Diabetes Mellitus prevention and treatment, Diabetic Retinopathy management requires targeted treatment strategies for both microvasculopathy and retinal neurodegeneration, to delay disease severity course and risk of blindness.The study and conclusions in this article are based on web-available data and officially published articles related to the diabetes mellitus and associated diseases – Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Retinal Neuropathy. The articles have been reviewed and analyzed to assess mutual relations between the discussed diseases.
Highlights
2 Materials and methods The study and conclusions in this article are based on web-available data, officially published articles, related to diabetes mellitus and associated diseases – Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Retinal Neuropathy
The incidence of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) equals to 33.2 percent of Diabetes Mellitus cases - 4 years after the onset of the DM, 45.1 percent after five years and 67.1 percent after 10 years respectively
Years of DM course 8.7 percent of patients develop Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) and 24 percent Diabetic Macular Edema (DME). 10 percent of DM patients are diagnosed as having severe visual loss (SVL) [5, 6]
Summary
The study and conclusions in this article are based on web-available data and officially published articles related to the diabetes mellitus and associated diseases. Publications and treatment guidelines related to DM, hundreds of thousands physicians engaged, 50 percent (212.4 million) of DM patients are unaware of their disease. The rationale for the study is to review recent publications related to Diabetic Mellitus, Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Retinal Neuropathy and confirm direct associations and mutual dependency between the DR and DRN. A twofold strategy for DR treatment, neural and vascular protection from structural and functional damage or degeneration is required
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