Associations of cardiorespiratory fitness with cardiovascular disease risk factors in middle-aged Chinese women: a cross-sectional study.

Wenfei Zhu,Minhao Xie,Hao Su,Jianmin Cao,Yuliang Sun,Steven P Hooker

doi:10.1186/1472-6874-14-62

Abstract

BackgroundHigh levels of physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are each associated with a favorable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profile. However, the relationship between CRF and obesity is still inconsistent across studies, and there has been no thorough exploration of the independent contribution of CRF to different CVD risk factors in Chinese women. This study investigated the relationship between CRF and CVD risk factors in 40–49 year old women in Beijing.MethodsThe study included 231 urban-dwelling asymptomatic 40–49 year old women. Body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%), blood glucose, blood lipids, blood pressure, and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured at rest. Cycle ergometer exercise tests were conducted to assess CRF as indicated by maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Participants were categorized into three CRF levels (low, moderate and high).ResultsHigh CRF level was associated with significantly less BF%, lower PWV, and higher weekly physical activity compared with low and moderate CRF (P < 0.05). Compared to high CRF, the odds ratios for having ≥3 main CVD risk factors (overweight, hypertension, and dyslipidemia) in low and moderate CRF were 2.09 (95% CI: 1.48-2.94) and 1.84 (95% CI: 1.29-2.62), respectively. The proportion of participants with clinical ST segment depression and prolonged QTC interval during cycle ergometer testing was significantly higher in women with low CRF.ConclusionsOverall, Chinese middle-aged women demonstrated a moderate level of CRF. CRF was independently associated with CVD risk factors, including overweight, hypertension, dyslipidemia, arterial stiffness, and abnormal ECG during exercise, with the least fit women exhibiting the highest number of CVD risk factors.

Highlights

High levels of physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are each associated with a favorable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profile
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between objectively measured CRF and the CVD risk factor profile, including overweight, hypertension, dyslipidemia, arterial stiffness, and abnormal ECG during exercise, in Chinese middle-age women
The average total weekly PA was 3476.29 ± 3771.36 MET · min · week−1, which was at the high level of PA according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) scoring protocol

Summary

Introduction

High levels of physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are each associated with a favorable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profile. With China’s rapid economic development, cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become the leading cause of death among Chinese adults [1]. Physical inactivity and CVD risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, are significantly related to the all-cause mortality in China [1]. A small number of previous studies have explored the relationship between self-reported PA and CVD [3,11], the association between CRF and CVD risk factors in Chinese middle-aged women has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between objectively measured CRF and the CVD risk factor profile, including overweight, hypertension, dyslipidemia, arterial stiffness, and abnormal ECG during exercise, in Chinese middle-age women

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