Abstract

We investigated the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), physical activity (PA) with regard to aerobic and resistance training, and body mass index (BMI) with pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx) in middle‐aged adults with at least one cardiovascular risk factor. A total of 84 (46 men and 38 women) participated in the study. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured using a maximal graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer and was defined as maximal power output (Wmax) normalized for body weight‐0.35. Participation in aerobic and resistance training was assessed by a detailed questionnaire and BMI was calculated as weight (kg)/[height (m2)]. Pulse wave velocity and AIx were measured using an applanation tonometry before (pre), immediately after (post), and after 10 min (post10) of maximal exercise test. Cardiorespiratory fitness, PA, or BMI was not associated with PWV or AIx. Pulse wave velocity decreased significantly from pre to post10 among those in the highest third of CRF (mean difference=−0.793 m/s, 95% CI = −1.494 to −0.091, p = .023) and in normal weight participants (p = .084 for time*group interaction mean difference=−0.781 m/s, 95% CI = −1.496 to −0.066, p = .029), but not among those in the other thirds of CRF or overweight or obese participants. Participants who had regular resistance training had continuously higher AIx from pre to post10 than those who had no regular resistance training (mean difference = −1.98, 95% CI = −4.02 to 0.069, p = .058). In conclusion, exercise may decrease PWV and AIx. Our results suggest that positive arterial responses to exercise could be slightly improved in fit and normal weight individuals.

Highlights

  • Arterial stiffness is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (Vlachopoulos, Aznaouridis, & Stefanadis, 2010); which are still the leading cause of morbidity and premature mortality worldwide (Global status report on noncommunicable diseases:, 2014, 2015)

  • We investigated the role of cardiorespiratory fitness as thirds, weight status, aerobic and resistance exercise, blood pressure (normotensive, high, stage 1, stage 2 (Whelton et al, 2018)), and pulse wave velocity (PWV) at the preassessment as thirds by studying time*group interactions from pre to post10 assessments using repeated measure ANOVA

  • The most consistent finding in our study was that a higher systolic blood pressure, diastolic pressure, and mean arterial pressure were strongly associated with higher PWV and augmentation index (AIx)

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Summary

Introduction

Arterial stiffness is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (Vlachopoulos, Aznaouridis, & Stefanadis, 2010); which are still the leading cause of morbidity and premature mortality worldwide (Global status report on noncommunicable diseases:, 2014, 2015). Stiffening of arterial wall decreases compliance and distensibility of arteries in response to pressure changes and increases pulse pressure. This may lead to pathophysiological left ventricular hypertrophy, and an increased risk of hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure (Zieman, Melenovsky, & Kass, 2005). | wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/phy of 10 | 2 of 10. Arterial stiffness develops through complicated cellular and molecular processes leading to frayed and broken elastin, and increases what is often unorganized and dysfunctional collagen fiber content in the artery wall (Zieman et al, 2005). Use of ratio standard scaling may have obscured our understanding on the role of cardiorespiratory fitness in the development of arterial stiffening

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