Abstract
Few studies have discussed the development of post-traumatic headache (PTH) after zygoma fracture. This research aimed to examine the association between zygoma fracture and PTH and its other associated factors. A total of 3043 patients with zygoma fracture and 3043 patients with non-fracture were included in this analysis. They were matched to a non-fracture cohort from the National Health Insurance database according to age, sex, and index year. The incidence of PTH and its association with zygoma fracture were assessed. The zygoma fracture cohort had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of PTH than the non-fracture cohort in a 10-year follow-up. The confounding risk factors of PTH included zygoma fracture, female sex, and comorbidities, including obesity and depression. Female patients under 40 years old who had zygoma fractures had a higher incidence of PTH than the non-fracture group. Moreover, patients with zygoma fractures commonly developed PTH within three months after injury. Female patients under 40 years old with precedent zygoma fractures had a higher incidence rate of PTH than those without fractures. Moreover, patients with zygoma fractures commonly developed PTH within three months after injury. Nevertheless, before widely applying our results, a prospective study must be conducted to verify the risk factors found in this study.
Highlights
Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is defined as headache developing within seven days after precedent trauma or regaining consciousness from traumatic consciousness loss [1].it is commonly caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is characterized by migraine or tension-type headaches [2]
After stratification with various variables, female patients with a fracture under 40 years old had a higher incidence of PTH
PTH commonly developed within three months after injury (Table 4)
Summary
Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is defined as headache developing within seven days after precedent trauma or regaining consciousness from traumatic consciousness loss [1]. It is commonly caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is characterized by migraine or tension-type headaches [2]. In addition to PTH, trauma is the predominant precipitating factor of posttraumatic migraine (PTM), and the condition is characterized by headache, nausea, and either photophobia (sensitivity to light) or phonophobia (sensitivity to noise) [5]. H.D. et al showed the occurrence of subsequent PTM after minor head or neck injuries in patients without a previous history of headache [6]. Even though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, PTM is highly suspected to be attributed to changes in neuronal depolarization, excitatory amino acid levels, inhibitory neurotransmitters, and other biochemical mechanisms [8]
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