Abstract
BackgroundThe associations between toe grip strength (TGS) and foot structure are not well known, although foot structure is inferred to affect TGS. This study investigated the associations between TGS and hallux valgus angle (HVA), toe curl ability, and foot arch height (FAH).MethodsThis study analysed 227, 20 to 79-year-old, community-dwelling participants. TGS, HVA formed by the first metatarsal bone and the proximal phalanx of the hallux, toe curl ability (percentage) calculated as (foot length–flexed foot length)/foot length, and FAH (percentage) calculated as navicular height/truncated foot length were measured. To elucidate associations between TGS and foot structure, a correlation analysis and stepwise multivariate linear regression analyses were performed, based on the participant’s sex. Pearson’s correlation coefficients for TGS with age, height, weight, HVA, toe curl ability, and FAH were also calculated. In the stepwise, multivariate linear regression analyses, the independent variable was TGS and the dependent variables were those that significantly correlated with TGS, as shown by the Pearson’s correlation coefficients. The significance level was set at 5%.ResultsAccording to the Pearson’s correlation coefficients, in men, TGS was significantly correlated with age, height, toe curl ability, and FAH. According to the stepwise multiple regression analysis, TGS correlated with age and toe curl ability (adjusted R2=0.22). In women, TGS was significantly correlated with age, height, and toe curl ability (adjusted R2=0.40).ConclusionsTGS was associated with toe curl ability in both men and women. However, TGS was not associated with HVA and FAH in men or women. The results of this study may lead to the development of effective interventions to improve TGS. However, factors other than structure of the foot require more detailed investigation to clarify the factors contributing to TGS.
Highlights
The associations between toe grip strength (TGS) and foot structure are not well known, foot structure is inferred to affect TGS
Significant differences were found between men and women with respect to foot length, flexed foot length, truncated foot length, and navicular height, there were no significant differences in hallux valgus angle (HVA), toe curl abilities, and foot arch height (FAH) between the sexes (Table 2)
According to Pearson’s correlation coefficient, TGS was significantly correlated with age (p < 0.01), height (p < 0.05), toe curl ability (p < 0.01), and FAH (p < 0.05), but not with weight or HVA, in men (Table 3)
Summary
The associations between toe grip strength (TGS) and foot structure are not well known, foot structure is inferred to affect TGS. This study investigated the associations between TGS and hallux valgus angle (HVA), toe curl ability, and foot arch height (FAH). We previously assessed age-related changes in toe grip strength (TGS) and investigated relationships between TGS and sex, age, weight, and height using a toe grip dynamometer [6]. We found that these factors contribute to the prediction of TGS; the association of other. Uritani et al Journal of Foot and Ankle Research (2015) 8:18 factors, such as foot structure characteristics, with TGS are unknown Toe deformities, such as hallux valgus, are often found clinically, regardless of patient age or sex. Some researchers have reported that the range of toe flexion (a factor in toe curl motion) is related to TGS in younger women [9] and in frail, elderly women [13], the association between TGS and range of toe flexion remains to be clarified in other groups
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