Abstract

Introduction: This research aims to detect possible associations between the ACTN3 R577X, ACE I/D, BDKRB2 +9/-9 genetic polymorphisms, and selected anaerobic performance indicators among elite and sub-elite fencers. Methods: The sample of participants included a group of 20 fencers (males, age 25.5 ± 6.9 years; height 185.1 ± 5.8; weight 78.3 ± 9.8). We obtained genotype analysis for selected polymorphisms (ACTN3 R577X, ACE I/D, BDKRB2 +9/-9) through buccal swabs. 30-second Wingate test was used for the anaerobic performance where the following variables were monitored: the maximal anaerobic performance – Pmax [W], the anaerobic capacity – AnC [kJ], the total number of revolutions – TR [n], the peak blood lactate concentration – LApeak [mmol·l-1]. Results: Within ACTN3 R577X polymorphism, no differences were found in the observed variables between genotypes. However, ACE I/D heterozygotes reached higher Pmax, AnC, and LApeak values than homozygotes. Furthermore, BDKRB2 +9/-9 polymorphism homozygotes with -9 allele reached higher Pmax and AnC values than homozygotes with +9 allele. No statistical differences were found in all monitored variables between genotypes of monitored polymorphisms. Conclusions: The research findings might serve as another useful piece of knowledge related to the existing statements in the field of genetics, focusing on speed-strength performance problems. It should be highlighted that current studies are only the first steps in helping us better understand the associations between genetic factors and performance in sports.

Highlights

  • This research aims to detect possible associations between the ACTN3 R577X, ACE I/D, BDKRB2 +9/-9 genetic polymorphisms, and selected anaerobic performance indicators among elite and sub-elite fencers

  • This study investigates possible associations between the ACTN3 R577X, ACE I/D, BDKRB2 +9/-9 polymorphisms, and the selected variables determined through an anaerobic test WT30

  • The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium confirmed the normal distribution of allele frequencies within ACTN3 R577X (p = 0.71), ACE I/D (p = 0.67) and BDKRB2 +9/-9 (p = 0.48)

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Summary

Introduction

This research aims to detect possible associations between the ACTN3 R577X, ACE I/D, BDKRB2 +9/-9 genetic polymorphisms, and selected anaerobic performance indicators among elite and sub-elite fencers. There are studies [7] where the focus is only on speed-strength performance, and the authors address 14 different markers (parts of the genes ACE, ACTN3, AGT, AGTR2, AMPD1, NOS3, PPARA, PPARG, SOD2, TRHR). Petr et al [9] searched for associations between polymorphism PPARA C/G and the performance reached in an anaerobic test among a group of elite ice-hockey players. Authors such as Norman et al [10] or Bouchard and Hoffman [11] contributed to research focused on associations between athletes' anaerobic performance athletes and genetics anaerobic performance. Gene polymorphisms are monitored in vasodilation, metabolism, or muscle fibers' transformation [14]

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