Abstract
Many factors are involved in addiction. The dopaminergic system is thought to be the key element in this process. The mesolimbic dopamine system is a crucial element in the reward system. Changes in this system are thought to be leading to substance use disorders and dependence. Therefore, for our study we chose an analysis of two polymorphisms in genes (Variable Number of Tandem Repeats in DRD4 and DAT1) responsible for dopaminergic transmission, which might be implicated in the scores of personality traits measured by the NEO-FFI test. The study group consisted of 600 male volunteers—299 addicted subjects and 301 controls. Both groups were recruited by psychiatrists; in the case group addiction was diagnosed; in the controls a mental illness was excluded. In both groups the same psychometric test and genotyping by the PCR VNTR method were performed. The results were investigated by a multivariate analysis of the main effects ANOVA. In the presented study no DRD4 main effects were found for any of the analyzed traits but the DRD4 main effects approximated to the statistical significance for the extraversion scale. However, no DAT1 main effects were found for any of the analyzed traits but the DAT1 main effects approximated to the statistical significance for the agreeability scale.These associations open new possibilities for addiction research.
Highlights
Substance use disorder is a global health problem
In our study we focused on combining personality traits measured by the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) test and genetic factors in the context of aspects related to the occurrence of addiction
In our study no DRD4 main effects were found for any of the analyzed traits, but the DRD4 main effects approximated to the statistical significance for the extraversion scale, which confirms studies associating the DRD4 gene with extraversion [38]
Summary
Substance use disorder is a global health problem. In 2015 about a quarter of a billion people used drugs. Around 29.5 million people—or 0.6 percent of the global adult population—were engaged in problematic use and suffered from drug use disorders, including dependence. Opioids were the most harmful drug type and accounted for 70 percent of the negative health impact associated with drug use disorders worldwide, according to the latest World Drug Report, released by the United. Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in 2017 [1]. This data relates only to people aged 15–64. A large part of the population is not covered. We may safely assume that the actual
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