Abstract
Many studies already reported on the association between patient characteristics on the severity of COVID-19 disease outcome, but the relation with SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels is less clear. To investigate this in more detail, we performed a retrospective observational study in which we used the IgG antibody response from 11,118 longitudinal antibody measurements of 2,082 unique COVID convalescent plasma donors. COVID-19 symptoms and donor characteristics were obtained by a questionnaire. Antibody responses were modelled using a linear mixed-effects model. Our study confirms that the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response is associated with patient characteristics like body mass index and age. Antibody decay was faster in male than in female donors (average half-life of 62 versus 72 days). Most interestingly, we also found that three symptoms (headache, anosmia, nasal cold) were associated with lower peak IgG, while six other symptoms (dry cough, fatigue, diarrhoea, fever, dyspnoea, muscle weakness) were associated with higher IgG concentrations.
Highlights
Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged late 2019 in China, and by March 2020 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO)
We used 11,118 antibody measurements of 2,082 unique donors to study the associations between symptoms, donor characteristics, and IgG antibody response
In this retrospective observational study, we investigated potential associations between SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody kinetics and various donor characteristics and COVID-19 symptoms
Summary
Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged late 2019 in China, and by March 2020 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Studies have shown that antibody responses against the SARSCoV-2 spike protein can be first detected 1-3 weeks post symptom onset [1, 2] in most COVID-19 patients and remain in circulation for up to 1 year [3–6]. Many studies have reported on the association between disease severity and donor characteristics, such as sex, body mass index (BMI), age, and blood group. Males tend to be more susceptible to develop a severe course of the SARS-CoV-2 virus infection [7, 8]. ABO blood type may play a role in COVID-19 infection, but the exact influence remains unclear [12, 13]
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