Abstract
BackgroundCalcium and vitamin D play important roles in bone health as essential nutrients. We explored whether serum calcium, 25(OH)D were associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 4595 participants (2281 men and 2314 women) aged ≥ 50 years (from 50 to 85 years, 60.1 ± 8.7 years for men and 62.0 ± 9.7 years for women) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001–2006. The independent variables were serum calcium and 25(OH)D. The dependent variable was lumbar BMD. The other variables were considered potential effect modifiers. We performed weighted multivariate linear regression models and smooth curve fittings to evaluate the associations between them. Subgroup analyses were also performed.ResultsWe observed a negative association between serum calcium and lumbar BMD in the fully adjusted model. In the subgroup analyses, this association was no longer significant among males and other race/ethnicity. On the other hand, there was a positive association between serum 25(OH)D and lumbar BMD in the fully adjusted model. In the subgroup analyses, this association did not differ in different age groups, between men and women. However, the association between serum 25(OH)D and lumbar BMD followed a U-shaped curve in Mexican Americans.ConclusionsThis cross-sectional study indicated that serum calcium negatively correlated with lumbar BMD, and serum 25(OH)D positively correlated with lumbar BMD in older adults. However, the association between serum calcium and lumbar BMD in males followed a U-shaped curve.
Highlights
Calcium and vitamin D play important roles in bone health as essential nutrients
We found that the association between serum 25(OH)D and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) did not differ in different age groups, between men and women (Figs. 3 and 4), but this association followed a U-shaped curve in Mexican Americans (Fig. 5)
In this study, we used these representative samples of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001–2006 to evaluate the associations between serum calcium, 25(OH)D and lumbar BMD in older adults
Summary
Calcium and vitamin D play important roles in bone health as essential nutrients. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and is involved in many biological processes [1]. The association between serum calcium and bone mineral density (BMD) is largely unclear [5, 6]. The relationship of serum 25(OH)D and BMD has been studied extensively over the past decades, but there is still no consensus that higher serum 25(OH)D has positive effects on bone health [13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20]. Calcium and vitamin D play important roles in bone health as essential nutrients. We explored whether serum calcium, 25(OH)D were associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults
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