Associations Between Prognostic Awareness, Acceptance of Illness, and Psychological and Spiritual Well-being Among Patients With Heart Failure

Abstract

This study aimed to (1) investigate the association of prognostic awareness with psychological (distress level and emotional well-being) and spiritual well-being among patients with heart failure, and (2) assess the main and moderating effects of illness acceptance on the relationship between prognostic awareness and psychological and spiritual well-being. This study used baseline data of a Singapore cohort of patients with heart failure (N = 245) who had New York Heart Association class 3 or 4 symptoms. Patients reported their awareness of prognosis and extent of illness acceptance. Multivariable linear regressions were used to investigate the associations. Prognostic awareness was not significantly associated with psychological and spiritual well-being. Illness acceptance was associated with lower levels of distress (β [SE] = -0.9 [0.2], P < .001), higher emotional well-being (β [SE] = 2.2 [0.4], P < .001), and higher spiritual well-being (β [SE] = 5.4 [0.7], P < .001). Illness acceptance did not moderate the associations of prognostic awareness with psychological and spiritual well-being. This study suggests that illness acceptance could be a key factor in improving patient well-being. Illness acceptance should be regularly assessed and interventions to enhance illness acceptance should be considered for those with poor acceptance.