Associations between presence of diabetes, mortality and fracture type in individuals with a hip fracture

Abstract

AimsAn overlooked aspect of diabetes is an increased risk of hip fractures, with associated mortality. We investigated whether fracture type and/or burden of comorbidities explains the increased risk of mortality in diabetes after hip fracture. MethodsFor this cohort study, we used a de-identified data set of hip fracture patients registered in a quality-of-care registry (2017/2018) included in Maastricht University Medical Centre. ResultsAmong 594 hip fracture patients, 90 (15.2 %) had diabetes. Median (IQR) age was 82 (71–87) years and 63.8 % were women. Compared to patients without, patients with diabetes had higher median Charlson Comorbidity Index [1 (0–2) vs 0 (0–2), P < 0.001)] and were more likely to sustain intertrochanteric/subtrochanteric fractures [54.4 vs 38.7 %, P = 0.02]. Over a median follow-up of 2.7 (1.6–3.3) years, crude mortality rate was 30.8 % in patients without and 50.0 % in patients with diabetes. This association remained unaltered after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, fracture type or burden of co-morbidities. ConclusionIndividuals with diabetes display a greatly increased absolute mortality risk after hip fracture. This association was not attenuated after adjustment for fracture type or non-diabetes associated co-morbidity. These findings have important implications for diabetes care in hip fracture patients, and underline the importance of fracture prevention.