Associations between preoperative continuation of renin-angiotensin system inhibitor and cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury: a propensity score-matching analysis.

Abstract

Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is associated with high risk for complications and mortality. Whether renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitor should be continued or withdrawn in patients with long-term use before cardiac surgery has been lack of consensus. We performed this prospective observational cohort study and recruited cardiac surgery patients in the surgical intensive care units between 2000 and 2011. These patients were divided into users and non-users of RAS inhibitor. Propensity score matching and multivariable models were performed to investigate the association between renal outcome, mortality, and preoperative use of RAS inhibitor. Preoperative use of RAS inhibitor was identified as the independent protective factor for AKI development (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.23, 0.63), AKI severity (stage 3 vs. stage 1, OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.18, 0.69), and renal recovery (OR 3.41, 95% CI 1.84, 5.36). Nevertheless, there was no significant protective effect of RAS inhibitor on in-hospital dialysis, in-hospital mortality, and ensuing development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) after AKI. We created a prediction model of CSA-AKI and indicated that preoperative use of RAS inhibitor provided more protective effect in low-risk than high-risk population. Preoperative use of RAS inhibitor was associated with less AKI development and severity, and higher renal recovery. Although more risk reduction of AKI development was shown in low-risk group by our prediction model, continued use of RAS inhibitor before cardiac surgery could provide protective effect in all patients.