Associations between optimism, tobacco smoking and substance abuse among Iranian high school students.

Soudabeh Marin,Ali Fakhari,Haidar Nadrian,Esmaeil Heshmatian,Asghar Mohammadpourasl

doi:10.15171/hpp.2019.38

Soudabeh Marin, Ali Fakhari + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.15171/hpp.2019.38

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Abstract

Background: Optimism is known to be associated with many health behaviors. However, the associations between optimism, tobacco smoking and substance abuse in adolescents are not well documented. This study aimed to address this research gap in a large school-based population.Methods: Participants (N = 1104) were selected based on multi-stage cluster sampling method. Cigarette and hookah smoking behaviors, illicit drug use, optimism, and relevant covariates were measured using a validated questionnaire. Data were analyzed using ordinal logistic regression. Results: After adjustment, higher optimism score was a protective factor against being situated in advanced stages of cigarette smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.84-0.91), hookah smoking (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.88-0.94), and illicit drugs usage (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.85-0.95). Moreover, the results showed that negative-stability and negative-globality domains of optimism were significantly higher among advanced-stage smokers and illicit drug users. Conclusion: Optimism was found to be a protective factor against tobacco smoking and substance abuse; whereas pessimism (negative-stability and negative-globality) was found to be a determinant factor. Further research is needed to investigate the effects of optimism on the transition in cigarette and hookah smoking stages.

Highlights

Tobacco smoking, as a preventable cause of death, disability and economic loss, is a global public health concern.[1]
Several studies have shown psychological, social, and demographic factors related to smoking onset and smoking status,[4,5,6] little is known about the association between optimism, tobacco smoking, and substance abuse in adolescents
Individuals who had used illicit drugs and those who were at advanced stages of cigarette and hookah smoking consumption had significantly different scores in the negative-stability and negative-globality domains, compared to never tobacco smokers and never illicit drug users

Summary

Introduction

As a preventable cause of death, disability and economic loss, is a global public health concern.[1]. Cigarette and hookah smoking behaviors, illicit drug use, optimism, and relevant covariates were measured using a validated questionnaire. Results: After adjustment, higher optimism score was a protective factor against being situated in advanced stages of cigarette smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.84-0.91), hookah smoking (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.88-0.94), and illicit drugs usage (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.850.95). The results showed that negative-stability and negative-globality domains of optimism were significantly higher among advanced-stage smokers and illicit drug users. Conclusion: Optimism was found to be a protective factor against tobacco smoking and substance abuse; whereas pessimism (negative-stability and negative-globality) was found to be a determinant factor. Further research is needed to investigate the effects of optimism on the transition in cigarette and hookah smoking stages

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