Associations between neonatal serum bilirubin and childhood hypertension.

Huan Yu,Lijuan Luo,Yuan He,Xiaoping Lei,Yongjun Zhang,Wenbin Dong,Lile Zou,Man Ki Kwok

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0219942

Abstract

Mild hyperbilirubinemia is inversely associated with cardiometabolic diseases in adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between neonatal serum bilirubin levels and childhood hypertension. Data were obtained from the U.S. Collaborative Perinatal Project conducted at 12 U.S. medical centers from 1959 to 1965. This multicenter study recruited participants before phototherapy was routinely used, thereby excluding the influence of phototherapy. In 37,544 newborns (31,819 term and 5,725 preterm births), a generalized linear model and a logistic regression model were used to calculate the linear coefficients and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of blood pressure and hypertension at 7 years of age based on neonatal serum bilirubin levels. No significant correlation was observed between serum bilirubin at 48 hours after birth and blood pressure at the age of 7 years in the whole study population and in the subgroup of term infants. In preterm infants, a lower total serum bilirubin and unconjugated bilirubin of 3 mg/dl were associated with a higher systolic blood pressure of 62 mmHg (0.38–0.86, p <0.001) and 0.70 mmHg (0.10–1.30, p <0.05) respectively. Relative to a total serum bilirubin level <3 mg/dl among preterm infants, total serum bilirubin levels of 3–6 mg/dl (adjusted OR 1.36; 95% CI: 0.98–1.89), 6–9 mg/dl (adjusted OR 1.35; 95% CI: 0.98–1.85), 9–12 mg/dl (adjusted OR 1.55; 95% CI: 1.10–2.19), and ≥12 mg/dl (adjusted OR 1.42; 95% CI: 1.01–2.00) were associated with higher risks of hypertension. After stratifying for the subtypes of bilirubin, the associations only existed for unconjugated bilirubin. In addition, consistent findings existed when using maximum neonatal serum bilirubin as an exposure factor. Neonatal serum bilirubin levels are positively associated with childhood blood pressure/hypertension in preterm infants. Our findings may shed some light on the role of bilirubin in the prevention of hypertension.

Highlights

Hypertension is one of the most serious public health burdens, and its prevalence has increased markedly worldwide [1, 2]
It has been demonstrated that blood pressure (BP) trajectories exist from childhood to adulthood, and children/young adults with higher BPs were prone to develop hypertension [5] and had a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events as adults [6]
We explored the associations between subtypes of bilirubin and childhood hypertension by stratifying the data by CB and unconjugated bilirubin (UCB)

Summary

Introduction

Hypertension is one of the most serious public health burdens, and its prevalence has increased markedly worldwide [1, 2]. Some studies reported that childhood risk factors, including premature birth and exposure to some toxic substances, were associated with a higher risk of hypertension in later life [8, 9]. One Mendelian randomization study demonstrated a strong association between higher bilirubin levels and a lower risk of CVD [22]. The concentrations of serum bilirubin are commonly much higher than the concentrations in any other life stage Does such a high level of serum bilirubin during the neonatal period have any associations with BP in later life? We used an old birth cohort dataset from a study in which participants were recruited before phototherapy was used routinely for the treatment of neonatal jaundice to investigate the correlations between neonatal serum bilirubin levels and childhood hypertension

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Discussion

Conclusion