Associations between meeting the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years and behavioral and emotional problems among 3-year-olds

Abstract

ObjectivesPrimary: examine associations between meeting the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years and behavioral and emotional problems in a large sample of 3-year-old children. Secondary: determine the proportion of children meeting the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines. DesignCross-sectional. MethodsParticipants were 3-year olds (n=539) from the Edmonton site of the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) birth cohort. Physical activity and sleep duration were accelerometer-derived while screen time was parent-reported. Meeting the overall guidelines was defined as: (1) ≥180min/day of total physical activity, including 60min/day of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity, (2) ≤1h/day of screen time, and (3) 10–13h of sleep per 24-hour period. Externalizing, internalizing, and total problem scores (lower scores representing fewer problems) were calculated from the parent-reported Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Descriptive statistics and linear regression models were completed. ResultsOnly 5% of children met the overall guidelines (all three recommendations), with 19.3%, 50.5%, and 83.1% meeting the physical activity, screen time, and sleep recommendations, respectively. Meeting more recommendations was associated with lower scores for total (B=−1.78, 95%CI: −3.03, −0.54), externalizing (B=−1.51, 95%CI: −2.80, −0.22) and internalizing (B=−1.35, 95%CI: −2.60, −0.01) problems. Similar findings were also observed for the specific combinations of: (1) physical activity and screen time and (2) sleep duration and screen time. ConclusionsMeeting more recommendations within the 24-hour Movement Guidelines was associated with fewer behavioral and emotional problems at 3-years. Few 3-year-olds met the overall guidelines. Findings support an integrated approach for healthy growth and development.