Associations between maternal BMI, breastfeeding practices and infant anthropometric status in Colombia; secondary analysis of ENSIN 2010

Fanny Aldana-Parra,Gilma Olaya Vega,Mary Fewtrell

doi:10.1186/s12889-020-8310-z

Fanny Aldana-Parra, Gilma Olaya Vega + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-8310-z

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Abstract

BackgroundMaternal malnutrition and infant feeding mode impact short and long term infant and child morbidity and mortality. The period of lactation may provide an opportunity to modulate the risk of disease later in life. Our aim was to estimate the effect of maternal body mass index (BMI) and infant feeding mode, particularly breastfeeding practices, on the anthropometric status of children under 2 years in Colombia.MethodsA secondary analysis was performed using the data from ENSIN 2010. Term infants under 2y, singleton, with a mother older than 18y, were included in the analysis. Outcomes were wasting (WLZ < -2SD), overweight (WLZ > +2SD) and stunting (LAZ < -2SD). Predictors were infant feeding (exclusive and predominant BF constructed from 24-h recall, age at introduction of liquids, semisolids and solids) and maternal BMI. Socioeconomic variables, maternal education and age, conditions during pregnancy and birth weight were analyzed as covariates.ResultsMothers of overweight infants had higher BMI (Mean dif = 1.47 kg/m2; 95% CI = 2.1, 0.8) than those with normal weight infants. Stunting and wasting were not predicted by maternal anthropometry or infant feeding mode. Fewer maternal years of education were associated with wasting (OR = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.86, 0.97; p = 0.003) and stunting (OR = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.89, 0.94; p < 0.0001), while more maternal years of education were associated with overweight (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.01; p = 0.001); higher birth weight was associated with overweight (OR = 1.001; 95% CI = 1.00, 1.001; p < 0.0001) and lower birth was associated with stunting (OR = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.89; p < 0.0001) in the final regression model.ConclusionsMaternal BMI is a modifiable target for public health policy to promote healthy infant growth. Infant nutritional status is affected by direct and indirect factors that need to be addressed in further studies.

Highlights

Maternal malnutrition and infant feeding mode impact short and long term infant and child morbidity and mortality
Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) prevalence during the first 6 months in middle-income countries is around 37% [15], and in Colombia, this decreased from 46.9% in 2005 to 36.1% in 2015 [16]
The association between infant age and wasting, overweight and stunting was significant in the binary analyses, but only remained significant in the final model for stunting. To our knowledge, this is the first study in Colombia that describes the associations between maternal body mass index (BMI) or infant feeding mode and the prevalence of infant wasting, overweight and stunting

Summary

Introduction

Maternal malnutrition and infant feeding mode impact short and long term infant and child morbidity and mortality. The period of lactation may provide an opportunity to modulate the risk of disease later in life. Our aim was to estimate the effect of maternal body mass index (BMI) and infant feeding mode, breastfeeding practices, on the anthropometric status of children under 2 years in Colombia. Maternal malnutrition negatively impacts infant and child morbidity and mortality. The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Hypothesis considers the periconceptional period as a window of opportunity to influence long term body composition and endocrine characteristics of the offspring [1, 2]. Human observational studies suggested that maternal famine, especially during periods of war, increases the risk of cardiometabolic diseases in the offspring as adults [3]. EBF prevalence during the first 6 months in middle-income countries is around 37% [15], and in Colombia, this decreased from 46.9% in 2005 to 36.1% in 2015 [16]

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