Abstract
According to the Brazilian Society of Diabetes, the prevalence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is increasing; thus, alternative and pharmacological measures are required to manage and control the disease. Many studies discussed lifestyle medicine with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). However, studies on the pillars of lifestyle medicine with T1DM are limited. The lack of research on the subject prompted the development of this systematic review. We aimed to evaluate the association between lifestyle medicine activities and delay in the clinical manifestations of T1DM. We included randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials and retrospective or prospective longitudinal studies. English, Portuguese and Spanish were screened as accepted languages. Participants could be of any geographic location or sex. Regarding the interventions, we selected diet, exercise, sleep, stress reduction, and smoking cessation as lifestyle medicine practices with a possible association with glycemic control improvement in patients with T1DM. In total, 22,552 publications have been identified; at the end, 28 articles, 11 clinical trials, and 17 cohorts were selected, involving 16.627 patients and 14 countries. Although lifestyle modifications seem to have the potential to alter the course of T1DM in many ways, the evidence available to date is insufficient.
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