Associations between individual cognitive factors, mode of exposure and depression symptoms in practitioners working with aversive crime material

Physical activity (PA) levels, as well as symptoms of anxiety and depression, can affect adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) impacting people's health. This study aimed to evaluate the association between PA levels, clinical symptoms of anxiety and depression, and adherence to ART in people living with HIV (PLHIV). A cross-sectional study, including 125 PLHIV was conducted. Adherence to ART was assessed using the Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ). For anxiety and depression, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was applied. The level of PA was assessed using the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. SPSS version 22.0 was used for statistical analysis. The prevalence of clinical levels of anxiety and depression symptoms was 53.6% and 37.6%, respectively. Fifty-three percent presented clinical levels of depression and anxiety symptoms. Sixty-one people (48.8%) had vigorous PA levels, 36 people (28.8%) had moderate PA levels, and 28 people (22.4%) had low PA levels. According to the SMAQ, 34.5% of the patients were adherent to ART. People who performed low PA levels had more risk to develop clinical levels of depression symptoms. Clinical level of anxiety, depression, and psychological distress (PD) symptoms was found to increase the risk of nonadherence to ART.

Research has shown that university students are at increased risk of developing depression and related symptoms. The goal of the present study was to examine whether academic experiences relate to depressive symptoms in emerging adults, over and above a set of established depression risk factors. Participants ( N = 903), ages 18–25 years, completed a series of questionnaires about risk factors for depression, academic experiences, and depressive symptoms. Results of a hierarchical multiple regression model showed that features of the academic experience were associated with depressive symptoms, over and above the effects of established risk factors. In particular, perceived academic stress, disengagement from studies, and loneliness at university were significant predictors of depressive symptoms. This research highlights the role of subjective academic experiences as potential risk factors for depressive symptoms in university students.

Background:To investigate the current status of anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with brain glioma and identify the risk factors associated with anxiety and depression symptoms.Methods:A total of 105 patients diagnosed with glioma at Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen from January 2021 to April 2024 were included in this study. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess the anxiety and depression symptoms of the patients, who were then grouped based on their scores. Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the independent risk factors for anxiety and depression symptoms in glioma patients.Results:The average HADS-Anxiety score among glioma patients was 8.72 ± 3.41, with an anxiety symptoms prevalence of 61.90% (65/105). The average HADS-Depression score was 7.73 ± 2.91, with a depression symptoms prevalence of 55.24% (58/105). Among them, 58 patients (55.24%) had both anxiety and depression symptoms, seven patients (6.67%) had only anxiety symptoms, and 40 patients (38.10%) had neither anxiety nor depression. The results of binary tic regression analysis showed that family monthly income, seizures, sleep quality, and cognitive function impairment were independent risk factors for anxiety and depression symptoms (P < .05). Marital status was an independent risk factor for depression symptoms (P < .05).Conclusion:Glioma patients exhibit a high incidence of anxiety and depression symptoms. The occurrence of these conditions is significantly associated with lower monthly household income, seizure occurrence, sleep disturbances, and cognitive impairment.

ObjectiveThe primary aim was to evaluate the influence of depressive and anxiety symptoms on the 1-year recurrence rate of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients. The secondary aim was to examine the risk factors leading to psychological distress. MethodsA total of 104 NMIBC patients were enrolled for interviews, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire survey was administered 1 month after their operation. Their cystoscopy results were followed up. The risk factors affecting their 1-year recurrence rate were evaluated through univariate analysis, Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis. The risk factors causing depressive and anxiety symptoms were evaluated through univariate analysis and logistic regression. ResultsIn addition to American Urological Association risk stratification, depressive symptoms were another independent risk factor for recurrence in NMIBC patients (HR: 2.493, 95% CI: 1.048–5.930, p=0.039), and the increase in the recurrence rate was highly significant in intermediate-risk patients (HR: 8.496, 95% CI: 2.178–33.138, p=0.019). Anxiety symptoms were not an independent risk factor for recurrence (HR: 1.655, 95% CI: 0.714–3.837, p=0.240). We also observed that the burden of medical expenses of NMIBC on the family was an independent risk factor for depressive symptoms (p=0.029) and anxiety symptoms (p=0.048); chronic pain was an independent risk factor for anxiety symptoms (OR: 3.447, 95% CI: 1.182–10.052, p=0.023). ConclusionDepression symptoms are an independent risk factor for recurrence in NMIBC patients. Moreover, the burden of medical expenses on the family is an independent risk factor for depressive and anxiety symptoms in NMIBC patients. Additionally, chronic pain is a risk factor for anxiety symptoms in NMIBC patients. This study provided a theoretical foundation for clinical oncologists to pay more attention to the mental health of NMIBC patients.

BackgroundMedical students have higher risk of psychological disorders due to the relatively stressful environment. Educators are becoming increasingly aware of the impact of stresses on the students general well-being. The objective of the current study was to examine the prevalence of and risk factors for depressive and anxiety symptoms among first-year and fifth-year medical students. Additionally, we aimed to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic has affected students’ mental well-being.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed at the College of Medicine at King Saud University between September 2020 and January 2021. The target population was first-year and fifth-year medical students. Depressive symptoms were screened using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), while anxiety symptoms were screened using the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder assessment (GAD-7). Students were also directly asked about the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on their mental well-being. Outcomes were compared between groups using the chi-squared test and Student’s t test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms.ResultsA total of 182 medical students were included. Depressive symptoms (52.9% versus 35.8%, p = 0.020) and anxiety symptoms (35.6% versus 26.3%, p = 0.176) were higher in the first-year students than in the fifth-year students. Approximately 19.2% of the students were worried about acquiring COVID-19, 49.4% were worried about academic performance, and 30.8% were feeling sad, depressed or anxious during the COVID-19 pandemic. Independent risk factors for depressive symptoms included having concomitant anxiety, being worried about acquiring COVID-19, being worried about academic performance, and feeling sad, depressed or anxious. Independent risk factors for anxiety included having a lower grade point average and having concomitant depressive symptoms.ConclusionMedical students have an alarmingly high prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms, which might have been negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a need for a special mental health program targeting new and current medical students.

Risk factors for early postpartum depressive symptoms

Humanitarian migration can result in mental health issues among migrants. The objective of our study is to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms among migrants and their risk factors. A total of 445 humanitarian migrants in the Orientale region were interviewed. A structured questionnaire was used in face-to-face interviews to collect socio-demographic, migratory, behavioral, clinical, and paraclinical data. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to assess anxiety and depression symptoms. Risk factors for anxiety and depression symptoms were identified using multivariable logistic regression. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms was 39.1%, and the prevalence of depression symptoms was 40.0%. Diabetes, refugee status, overcrowding in the home, stress, age between 18 and 20 years, and low monthly income were associated with anxiety symptom. The associated risk factors for depression symptoms were a lack of social support and a low monthly income. Humanitarian migrants have a high prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms. Public policies should address socio-ecological determinants by providing migrants with social support and adequate living conditions.

This study investigated whether a person’s Sasang constitution (SC) could be a risk factor for depressive symptoms. We classified the SC of 653 participants into Taeeumin (TE), Soeumin (SE), and Soyangin (SY), using the KS–15 questionnaire. We also categorized them into depressive and non-depressive symptom groups using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale questionnaire. A t-test and chi-square test were used to compare the general characteristics of the depressive and non-depressive symptom groups. A one-way analysis of variance compared the scores of depressive symptoms according to SC, and a multiple logistic regression obtained the odds ratios (ORs); p < 0.05. The depressive symptom score for SE (13.6 ± 9.97) was significantly higher than that for SY (9.2 ± 6.51) and TE (10.8 ± 7.70; p < 0.001; SE > TE, SY, Scheffé). SE was associated with an increased prevalence of depressive symptoms compared with SY (OR: 2.315; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.389–3.860, p < 0.01) and TE (OR: 1.660; 95% CI: 1.076–2.561, p < 0.05), as well as an increased prevalence of depressive symptoms compared with SY (OR: 2.907; 95% CI: 1.379–6.144, p < 0.01) after adjusting for average height and distribution of living with family, medication, and drinking. This study reveals that SC, particularly SE, could be significantly associated with and be considered a risk factor for depressive symptoms.

BackgroundFrom 2000 a routine survey of mothers with newborn infants was commenced in South Western Sydney. The survey included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for postnatal depressive symptoms in women living in metropolitan Sydney, Australia.MethodsMothers (n=15,389) delivering in 2002 and 2003 were assessed at 2–3 weeks after delivery for risk factors for depressive symptoms. The binary outcome variables were EPDS >9 and >12. Logistic regression was used for the multivariate analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of EPDS >9 was 16.93 per 100 (95% CI: 16.34 to 17.52) and EPDS >12 was 7.73 per 100 (95% CI: 6.96 to 7.78). The final parsimonious logistic regression models included measures of infant behaviour, financial stress, mother’s expectation of motherhood, emotional support, sole parenthood, social support and mother’s country of birth.ConclusionsInfant temperament and unmet maternal expectations have a strong association with depressive symptoms with implications for the design of both preventative and treatment strategies. The findings also support the proposition that social exclusion and social isolation are important determinants of maternal depression.

Incidence and risk factors of depressive symptoms in the highest age groups and competing mortality risk. Evidence from the AgeCoDe-AqeQualiDe prospective cohort study

Socio-emotional selectivity theory posits that as individuals age, they desire less social stimulation and novelty, and tend to select close, reliable relationships to meet their emotional needs. Residence in congregate facilities affords social exposure, yet does not guarantee access to close relationships, so that loneliness may be a result. Further, the gerontology literature has suggested that loneliness in late life may be a risk factor for serious mental health concerns such as depression. This article examined data on loneliness and depressive symptoms from older adults aged 60–98, residing in two age-segregated independent living facilities. Overlap between those scoring in the depressed range on the Geriatric Depression Scale and those scoring more than one standard deviation above the mean on the UCLA Loneliness Scale was less than 50%, although zero-order correlation of the two continuous scores was moderately high. Potential risk and resilience factors were regressed on the continuous scores of the two scales in separate hierarchical multiple regression analyses. Depression was predicted by being older, number of chronic health conditions, grieving a recent loss, fewer neighbor visitors, less participation in organized social activities and less church attendance. Grieving a recent loss, receiving fewer visits from friends, and having a less extensive social network predicted loneliness. In addition, loneliness scores explained about 8% of the unique variance in depression scores, suggesting it is an independent risk factor for depressive symptoms. Loneliness scores were seen to be more widely dispersed in these respondents, with less variance explained by the available predictors. Suggestions are made for addressing loneliness in older adults as a means of preventing more serious mental health consequences.

Trajectory of depressive symptom before and after incident hearing loss: A 24-year population-based longitudinal cohort study.

BackgroundPrenatal and postnatal depression potentially have severe consequences, but we do not know to what extent they have the same etiological factors. Genetically informative designs yield insight into common etiology between pre- and postnatal depression and inform on potential prevention and intervention efforts. This study evaluates the overlap in genetic and environmental factors in pre- and postnatal depression symptoms. MethodsWe conducted univariate and bivariate modeling, using a quantitative, extended twin study. The sample was a subsample of the MoBa prospective pregnancy cohort study in 6039 pairs of related women. Measurement was conducted at week 30 of pregnancy and 6 months following delivery, using a self-report scale. ResultsThe heritability of depressive symptoms was 16.2 % (95 % CI = 10.7–22.1) prenatally and 25.7 % (95 % CI = 19.2–32.2) postnatally. The correlation between risk factors for prenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms was at unity (r = 1.00) for genetic effects, and at disunity (r = 0.36) for environmental effects. The genetic effects for postnatal depressive symptoms were 1.7 times larger compared to prenatal depressive symptoms. LimitationsAlthough genes for depression become more influential postpartum, only future studies can inform on the mechanisms for such a socio-biological augmentation of effect. ConclusionGenetic risk factors for prenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms are indistinguishable in kind, with greater impact after birth, whereas environmental risk factors for depression symptoms are mostly non-overlapping before and after birth. These findings indicate that interventions could be of different kind before and after birth.

Although many studies have shown a significant association between negative life events and mental health problems among adolescents, few studies have explored whether there are differences in the impact of different types of negative life events on mental health problems among adolescents. We hope to further explore and analyze this issue through a cross-sectional study of Han ethnic adolescents in Sichuan Province. Cluster sampling was adopted to analyze anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation and their influencing factors among 9,982 students from 4 middle schools in Sichuan Province, western China. We used the Adolescent Life Events Scale to evaluate the negative life events experienced by adolescent students in the past year. we use the Generalized Structural Equation Model (GSEM) to calculate the chain mediation effect between the negative life events and mental health status. The influence of different negative life events on different mental health problems was explored through binary logistic regression. A higher level of core self-evaluation was a protective factor for anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among adolescent students. Adequate sleep was a protective factor for depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among adolescent students. Vocational high school education and sufficient exercise were the protective factors for anxiety symptoms among adolescent students. After controlling for gender, age, school type, and exercise, sleep and core self-evaluation exhibited a significant chain mediating effect in the relationship between negative life events and anxiety symptoms/depressive symptoms (effect value: 0.0131, p<0.001, 95% CI: 0.0086- 0.0177; effect value:0.0116, p<0.001, 95% CI: 0.0076- 0.0155). For negative life events, interpersonal stress and adaptation problem were risk factors for anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among adolescent students (OR = 1.179, p<0.001, 95% CI 1.149-1.209; OR = 1.187, p<0.001, 95% CI 1.153-1.222; OR = 1.074, p<0.001, 95% CI 1.048-1.100; OR = 1.163, p<0.001, 95% CI 1.128-1.199; OR = 1.229, p<0.001, 95% CI 1.188-1.271; OR = 1.044, p=0.002, 95% CI 1.016-1.073). Loss was a risk factor for depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among adolescent students (OR = 1.050, p<0.001, 95% CI 1.022-1.079; OR = 1.030, p=0.009, 95% CI 1.008-1.054). Punishment was the risk factor for depressive symptoms among adolescent students (OR = 1.037, p=0.012, 95% CI 1.008-1.067). Academic stress was the risk factor for anxiety symptoms among adolescent students (OR = 1.077, p<0.001, 95% CI 1.051-1.104). Sleep and core self-evaluation are important mediating factors in the relationship between negative life events and mental health status. Interpersonal stress and adaptation problem in negative life events were the main risk factors for mental health problems among adolescent students. We expect to provide data to support the early prevention and intervention of mental health problems among adolescents. Special attention should be given to the mental health status of adolescent students with interpersonal relationship problems and maladaptation.

Information on the prevalence and risk factors for depressive disorders in old age is of considerable interest for the assessment of future needs of the health care system. The aim of the study is to determine age- and gender-specific prevalence of major depression (MD), minor depression (MiD), and depressive symptoms, and to analyze risk factors associated with depressive symptoms. A representative sample of the German population of 1,659 individuals aged 60 to 85 years were visited at home and answered self-rating questionnaires. Depressive symptoms and syndromes (MD, MiD) were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Factors associated with depressive symptoms were determined with linear regression models for the total sample and for men and women separately. Depressive symptoms were found in 28.7% of the participants, while 6.6% were affected by MD or MiD. The highest prevalence of MD and depressive symptoms was found in the oldest age groups. MiD showed an unsteady course across age groups in both sexes. In the total sample as well as in the male subsample, depressive symptoms were significantly associated with increasing age, lower household income, an increasing number of medical conditions, and lower social support. In women only, the number of medical conditions and lacking social support were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms are common in old age and occur on a spectrum ranging from very mild forms to MD. The potential modifiability of a number of risk factors for depressive symptoms opens possibilities of secondary prevention such as treatment of chronic diseases as well as support in requirements of daily living.