Associations between Genotype-Diet Interactions and Weight Loss-A Systematic Review.

Sandra Bayer,Christina Holzapfel,Christina Holzapfel,Vincent Winkler,Vincent Winkler,Hans Hauner,Hans Hauner,Hans Hauner

doi:10.3390/nu12092891

Sandra Bayer, Christina Holzapfel + Show 6 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092891

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Abstract

Studies on the interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and macronutrient consumption on weight loss are rare and heterogeneous. This review aimed to conduct a systematic literature search to investigate genotype–diet interactions on weight loss. Four databases were searched with keywords on genetics, nutrition, and weight loss (PROSPERO: CRD42019139571). Articles in languages other than English and trials investigating special groups (e.g., pregnant women, people with severe diseases) were excluded. In total, 20,542 articles were identified, and, after removal of duplicates and further screening steps, 27 articles were included. Eligible articles were based on eight trials with 91 SNPs in 63 genetic loci. All articles examined the interaction between genotype and macronutrients (carbohydrates, fat, protein) on the extent of weight loss. However, in most cases, the interaction results were not significant and represented single findings that lack replication. The publications most frequently analyzed genotype–fat intake interaction on weight loss. Since the majority of interactions were not significant and not replicated, a final evaluation of the genotype–diet interactions on weight loss was not possible. In conclusion, no evidence was found that genotype–diet interaction is a main determinant of obesity treatment success, but this needs to be addressed in future studies.

Highlights

In the last four decades, obesity has been identified as one of the major health risks worldwide and has reached pandemic extents [1]
20,542 articles werewere identified, of whom 6993 articles were removed as duplicates (Figure 1)
20,542 articles identified, of whom 6993 articles were removed as duplicates

Summary

Introduction

In the last four decades, obesity has been identified as one of the major health risks worldwide and has reached pandemic extents [1]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over one-third of the world’s population is overweight and 13% are described as obese [2]. Obesity adversely affects almost all physiological functions of the body and increases the risk of developing multiple diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers [3,4]. Multiple lifestyle intervention strategies have been developed with limited average success rates. Different diets varying in macronutrient content (e.g., low-fat/low-carb) have been investigated and compared to identify dietary regimes for successful weight loss [6]. As a consequence, customized, personalized dietary recommendations are gaining more attention to fit individual needs

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