Abstract
Human exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates is a growing concern due to their association with harmful effects on human health, including a variety of disorders of the female reproductive system. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between food intake and urinary BPA and phthalates in Korean women of reproductive age. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 305 reproductive aged (30–49 years) females in Korea. Dietary intake was assessed using 24 h dietary recall, and urinary BPA and particular phthalates were measured using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. After adjusting for covariates, beverage intake was positively associated with urinary BPA, and egg and egg product intake was negatively associated with urinary mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) as well as mono (2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP). Odds ratio for high BPA level (≥90th percentile) in women with >100 g of beverage consumption was significantly higher than for those who consumed ≤100 g. These results suggest that, in Korean women of reproductive age, some foods such as beverages and egg may be associated with body burdens of BPA, MnBP, MEHHP and MEOHP.
Highlights
IntroductionSome studies have reported that dietary intake is associated with urinary Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates [10,11,12]
Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in the manufacture of polycarbonate (PC) plastics, epoxy resins, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which are commonly used as plastic and metal materials used for food and drink packaging [13,14,15,16]
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2006 demonstrated soda intake had a positive association with urinary BPA in a representative US population [10], and urinary BPA concentration was positively correlated with beverage intake, such as coffee and tea, for 50 university students in a Japanese study [11]
Summary
Some studies have reported that dietary intake is associated with urinary BPA and phthalates [10,11,12]. BPA is widely used in the manufacture of polycarbonate (PC) plastics, epoxy resins, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which are commonly used as plastic and metal materials used for food and drink packaging [13,14,15,16]. Phthalates are added to PVC food containers to increase their flexibility and durability [16]. Previous studies have found that increased intake of foods packaged in materials containing BPA and phthalates led to increased concentrations of these compounds in urine [10,17]. Human urinary BPA and three phthalate metabolites—mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), and mono (2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP)—have been detected in >90% of individuals from representative Korean populations [18,19]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callMore From: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
