Abstract
BackgroundGiven current discussions about extending working lives, more knowledge is needed on working conditions associated with labour market status in older age.ObjectiveTo explore associations between combinations of job demands and job control among workers aged 55–64 years and their labour market status 11 years later.MethodsA population-based prospective cohort study using nationwide register data. The 616,818 individuals in Sweden aged 55–64 who in 2001 were in paid work were categorised using a job exposure matrix based on tertiles (reference = medium control/medium demands). Participants were followed up in 2012 regarding their main labour market status (paid work, old-age pension, no income/social assistance, sickness absence/disability pension, emigrated, dead; reference = old-age pension) using multinomial logistic regression for odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The fully adjusted analyses included adjustment for sociodemographic factors and unemployment or sickness absence/disability pension for more than half the year in 2001.ResultsThose in occupations with low job control at baseline were less likely to be in paid work at follow-up (OR low demands/low control 0.74, CI 0.71–0.78; high demands/low control 0.81, CI 0.75–0.87). Those in occupations with baseline high demands were less likely to have no income/social assistance at follow-up (OR high demands/low control 0.71, CI 0.52–0.96; high demands/high control 0.59, CI 0.47–0.75).ConclusionJob demands and control when aged 55–64 were associated with labour market status 11 years later: high control was associated with greater chance of being in paid work, and high demands were associated with lower risk of no income/social assistance.
Highlights
Given current discussions about extending working lives, more knowledge is needed on working conditions associated with labour market status in older age
Women Men Birth country Sweden Other Nordic country EU25 without Nordic countries Rest of the world Type of living area Big cities Medium-sized cities Small cities Education Elementary (0–9 years) High school (10–12 years) University/college (> 12 years) Family situation Married/living with partner without children living at home Married/living with partner with children living at home Single/divorced/separated/widowed without children living at home Single/divorced/separated/widowed with children living at home Unemployment or sickness absence/disability pension in 2001 No long-term sickness absence/disability pension or unemployment Unemployed > 183 days Sickness absence/disability pension > 183 net days
Situation Married/living with partner without children living at home Married/living with partner with children living at home Single/divorced/separated/widowed without children living at home Single/divorced/separated/widowed with children living at home Unemployment or sickness absence/disability pension in 2001 No long-term sickness absence/disability pension or unemployment Unemployed > 183 days Sickness absence/disability pension > 183 net days n 424,088
Summary
Given current discussions about extending working lives, more knowledge is needed on working conditions associated with labour market status in older age. Objective To explore associations between combinations of job demands and job control among workers aged 55–64 years and their labour market status 11 years later. Participants were followed up in 2012 regarding their main labour market status (paid work, old-age pension, no income/social assistance, sickness absence/disability pension, emigrated, dead; reference = old-age pension) using multinomial logistic regression for odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Conclusion Job demands and control when aged 55–64 were associated with labour market status 11 years later: high control was associated with greater chance of being in paid work, and high demands were associated with lower risk of no income/ social assistance. Research has mostly focused on work environment factors contributing to the intention to work after the statutory or traditional retirement age and has focused only to a lesser extent on factors contributing to actual remaining in paid work after the statutory or traditional retirement age (Browne et al 2018).
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