Associations between behavioural correlates of muscle-strengthening exercise guideline adherence in adults: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

ABSTRACT Epidemiological evidence links muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE: using weights or own bodyweight) to a reduced risk of non-communicable diseases. However, few studies have examined factors that influence MSE participation beyond frequency. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate likely factors influencing MSE participation, including three components (i.e., frequency, muscle groups, and intensity) in adults. English-speaking adults aged ≥18 years (n = 435) completed the previously validated Muscle-Strengthening Exercise Questionnaire (MSEQ) including MSE components (frequency, muscle groups, intensity) and agreement with 13 statements of potential behavioural correlates of physical activity. Adjusted multiple-factor logistic regression analyses were conducted. Participants having positive perceptions of time availability; sufficient energy; confidence in their skills and knowledge; and who prioritise and enjoy MSE are more likely to report health-enhancing MSE (≥2 times/week). Moreover, these influencing factors remained irrespective of the MSE components (frequency, muscle groups, intensity). Among the sample of highly active participants, we identified five behavioural correlates that appear to have significant associations with meeting the MSE guidelines. Public health approaches to increase MSE participation within currently inactive populations may benefit from focusing on these specific enabling factors.