Abstract
The effect of interactions between perfluorooctanesulfonic (PFOS)/perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) levels and nuclear receptor genotypes on fatty acid (FA) levels, including those of triglycerides, is not clear understood. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to analyse the association of PFOS/PFOA levels and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nuclear receptors with FA levels in pregnant women. We analysed 504 mothers in a birth cohort between 2002 and 2005 in Japan. Serum PFOS/PFOA and FA levels were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Maternal genotypes in PPARA (rs1800234; rs135561), PPARG (rs3856806), PPARGC1A (rs2970847; rs8192678), PPARD (rs1053049; rs2267668), CAR (rs2307424; rs2501873), LXRA (rs2279238) and LXRB (rs1405655; rs2303044; rs4802703) were analysed. When gene-environment interaction was considered, PFOS exposure (log10 scale) decreased palmitic, palmitoleic, and oleic acid levels (log10 scale), with the observed β in the range of − 0.452 to − 0.244; PPARGC1A (rs8192678) and PPARD (rs1053049; rs2267668) genotypes decreased triglyceride, palmitic, palmitoleic, and oleic acid levels, with the observed β in the range of − 0.266 to − 0.176. Interactions between PFOS exposure and SNPs were significant for palmitic acid (Pint = 0.004 to 0.017). In conclusion, the interactions between maternal PFOS levels and PPARGC1A or PPARD may modify maternal FA levels.
Highlights
The genetic makeup of a person and the environmental factors might be responsible for regulating the levels of serum lipids, such as fatty acids (FA) and triglycerides (TG)[1]
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), TG, or FA levels were not associated with the genotypes of PPAR alpha (PPARA), PPAR gamma (PPARG), PPARGC1A, PPAR delta (PPARD), constitutive androstane receptors (CARs), LXR alpha (LXRA), and LXR beta (LXRB) genotypes
We found that the interaction between PFOS levels and PPARGC1A and PPARD genotype influences a difference in some FA levels during pregnancy
Summary
The genetic makeup of a person and the environmental factors might be responsible for regulating the levels of serum lipids, such as fatty acids (FA) and triglycerides (TG)[1]. In the Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children’s Health, we examined the association between serum PFOS and PFOA levels and TG and FA (palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, EPA, and DHA) levels in maternal serum among pregnant Japanese women[14]. In this follow-up study, we examined associations between indicated serum markers and the above-mentioned 13 SNPs in the nuclear receptor genes
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