Association of Weight Change With Subsequent Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

Abstract

The association of weight loss achieved through various decongestive strategies with clinical outcomes in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (HF) is not well described. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between weight change during hospitalization and subsequent clinical events in patients with decompensated HF. Data from 433 patients hospitalized with advanced HF enrolled in the Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Artery Catheterization Effectiveness (ESCAPE) trial were evaluated. The influence of change in weight during hospitalization to clinical outcomes (days alive out of the hospital in the first 6 months; death; death or rehospitalization; and death, rehospitalization, or cardiac transplantation) was evaluated. On average, patients lost approximately 3.6 kg during hospitalization. When categorized into 3 weight loss tertiles, those in the highest tertile were more likely to be older, women, and smokers, with higher body weights, previous percutaneous coronary interventions, baseline heart rates, and brain natriuretic peptide and blood urea nitrogen values but lower ejection fractions and peak oxygen consumption. No significant differences were observed between weight change and any in-hospital or follow-up events (days well: hazard ratio 0.995, 95% confidence interval 0.975 to 1.016; 180-day death: hazard ratio 1.012, 95% confidence interval 0.969 to 1.057; death or rehospitalization at 180 days: hazard ratio 1.014, 95% confidence interval 0.990 to 1.038). In conclusion, weight loss in patients with acute decompensated HF during hospitalization was not related to clinical end points. These data challenge the merit of using weight as a surrogate end point for more important clinical events (i.e., death and/or rehospitalization) in patients with HF in the design of treatment strategies for novel therapeutic agents in randomized controlled clinical trials.