Association of Vitamin D Insufficiency and Peripheral Vascular Resistance

Abstract

Abstract Background Vitamin D insufficiency is prevalent worldwide. Recently, the role of vitamin D substitution in hypertensive vitamin D deficient and insufficient patients has been studied by many investigators worldwide. In this observational study, the peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) of patients with vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency was analyzed. Objective The main purpose of this article is the assessment of PVR in vitamin D deficient subjects and in that any gender variation. Methods Subjects who were not known hypertensives, and who were free of other comorbidities, were included. Diabetic subjects were excluded. Serum vitamin D3 levels of all the subjects were recorded. Thirty-three subjects with serum vitamin D3 levels in insufficiency or deficiency range were included in our study. AGEDIO peripheral resistance calculator was used to calculate arterial stiffness indices, PVR, stroke volume, cardiac output, and cardiac index. Augmentation pressure (AG) is the contribution that wave reflection makes to systolic arterial pressure. Augmentation index (AI) is an indirect measure of arterial stiffness and is calculated as AG divided by pulse pressure ×100. Results The total number of subjects studied was 33, of whom 18 were males, and 15 were females. The mean serum vitamin D3 levels were 19.28 nanograms/mL. In this study, it was observed that the mean AI was 21.42 ± 12.6%, and mean pulse wave velocity was 6.9 ± 1.2 m/s. Among central hemodynamic measures, mean PVR was found to be 1733 ± 201.1dyn*s/cm5, mean cardiac output was 4.3 ± 0.5 L/min, and mean cardiac index was 2.56 +/– 0.33 L/mi*L/m2). Twenty-five (76%) patients showed increased PVR. Even though in patients with normal PVR, there is female preponderance, but in patients with high PVR, there was no gender difference. Conclusions This study has shown that the PVR was significantly high in vitamin D deficient and insufficient subjects (without hypertension or diabetes mellitus) with no significant gender difference for high PVR, even though AG and AI were not significantly different among subjects.