Association of Vitamin D, IL-6, TNF-α, CRP and Periodontal Health Status in the Eastern Black Sea Region

Abstract

Objective: It is well established that vitamin D deficiency may increase risk of periodontitis, and that supplementation with vitamin D can contribute to maintain periodontal health. Since the Eastern Black Sea Region receives little sunlight due to its location, individuals living in this region don’t produce enough vitamin D and these individuals generally have vitamin D deficiency. The goal of this study was to analyze that association of vitamin D and periodontal health status in a study population of the Eastern Black Sea Region. Methods: In this study, which was planned as a case control study, it was planned to reach a total of 72 samples, with at least 24 samples in each group in the sample calculation. As a result of data collection, 29 individuals with periodontitis, 28 individuals with gingivitis and 25 periodontally healthy individuals, a total of 82 individuals were included in the study. Cytokines in inflamed periodontal tissues have a marked effect on host modulation and onset and progression of periodontal disease. Venous blood samples were collected from the individuals. Periodontal clinical parameters were measured. Serum levels of 1.25(OH)2D3, 25(OH)D, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were assessed. Results: Periodontally healthy group had statistically significantly lower periodontal clinical parameter values compared to gingivitis and periodontitis group (p<0.05). The serum 1.25(OH)2D3 level was lower in the periodontitis group compared to the periodontally healthy group and gingivitis group (p<0.05). But there was no statistically significant difference in the periodontitis 10.20 (3.70-29.50) ng/mL, gingivitis 11.35 (5.60-29.50) ng/mL and periodontally healthy groups 9.10 (2.90-55.40) ng/mL in terms of serum 25(OH)D levels (p>0.05). Conclusion: The outcomes of this study support the idea that lower serum 1.25(OH)2D3 level has a negative effect on periodontal health status. Our data suggest that vitamin D supplementation to people living in the Eastern Black Sea Region would be beneficial in reducing the risk of developing periodontal disease. Further studies are needed on this subject.