Abstract
BackgroundGlobally, urogenital and intestinal parasitosis remain significant health challenges. They are associated with rising morbidity, death, and many harmful outcomes. A little is known concerning parasitosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our study planned to investigate the urogenital and intestinal parasitic infections among type 2 diabetes patients compare to non-diabetic (Control) individuals and examine the intensity of helminthiasis in both groups.MethodsAt Kosti Teaching Hospital (Sudan), 300 Urine and 300 stool samples have collected from 150 type 2 diabetes and 150 control individuals, along with the socio-demographic data using a structured questionnaire. The parasitic infections were examined by direct sedimentation technique for urine specimens. Whereas, for fecal samples, simple-direct saline, formal-ether concentration, Kato-Katz, and modified Ziehl–Neelsen techniques were used.ResultsOut of 150 type 2 diabetes patients studied, 31 (20.6%) and 14 (9.3%) had intestinal parasitosis and urogenital schistosomiasis, respectively. Whereas, 16 (10.6%) and 8 (5.3%) of the control group were infected, respectively. Compared to the control group, the odds of testing positive for either urogenital schistosomiasis (AOR: 2.548, 95% CI: 0.836–7.761, P = 0.100) or intestinal parasitic diseases (AOR: 2.099, 95% CI: 0.973–4.531, P = 0.059) were greater in diabetic individuals. Likewise, the intensities of helminthiasis were much higher in the diabetic patients and positively correlated with the duration of illness. The rate of urogenital schistosomiasis was also significantly different among the disease duration subcategories.ConclusionsOur study has highlighted the relationship of type 2 diabetes with urogenital and intestinal parasitic infections and enhanced our knowledge about the frequency of particular urogenital and intestinal parasites as well as the intensity of helminths infection in type 2 diabetes compared to non-diabetic individuals, which are important for further studies.
Highlights
Urogenital and intestinal parasitosis remain significant health challenges
16 (10.6%) and 8 (5.3%) of the control group were infected by intestinal parasitosis and urogenital schistosomiasis, respectively
Compared to the control group, the adjusted odds of testing positive for either urogenital schistosomiasis (AOR: 2.548, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.836–7.761, P = 0.100) or intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) (AOR: 2.099, 95% CI: 0.973–4.531, P = 0.059) was at least two times higher in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) individuals (Table 2)
Summary
Urogenital and intestinal parasitosis remain significant health challenges. Urogenital and intestinal parasitic infections are groups of infectious diseases, still major public health concerns, in tropical and subtropical rural areas of developing countries [1,2,3,4,5] since they have high morbidity and case fatality rate and endemic in many countries. As well, they have a wide distribution and related to immunity weakness, lack of health education, poverty, and inadequate hygiene [1, 3]. The intestinal parasitic diseases are accountable for 39 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) globally [15]
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