Abstract
BackgroundThe timed up and go test (TUG) is one of the most widely used tests of mobility. We aimed to examine whether the TUG is associated with cardiovascular (CV) events, CV mortality, and all-cause mortality.MethodsSubjects in the senior cohort database of the Korean National Health Insurance Service (2002–2013) who completed the TUG as part of the National Screening Program for Transitional Ages (NSPTA) during 2007–2008 were identified. An abnormal TUG result was defined as a time ≥ 10 s. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the associations between TUG results and CV events, CV mortality, and all-cause mortality.ResultsThe mean follow-up period was 5.7 years. Incidence rates of CV events in the normal and abnormal TUG groups were 7.93 and 8.98 per 1000 person-years, while CV mortality rates were 0.96 and 1.51 per 1000 person-years, respectively. In a fully adjusted model, we found that abnormal TUG results were not associated with the incidences of CV events and CV mortality. However, abnormal TUG results (≥10 s) resulted in a 2.9-fold increase in CV mortality in women (adjusted hazard ratio 2.90, 95% confidence interval 1.15–7.30). Further, participants lacking certain CV risk factors, such as current cigarette smoking, obesity, or diabetes, had a higher CV mortality rate when TUG results were abnormal.ConclusionsAbnormal TUG results in subjects aged 66 years were associated with future CV mortality in women and in subjects without obesity, diabetes, or cigarette smoking. In patient with mobility impairment, physicians should consider CV disease risk, especially in women.
Highlights
The timed up and go test (TUG) is one of the most widely used tests of mobility
This study evaluated the associations of TUG test results in subjects aged 66 years with CV disease and mortality in a large general population of subjects enrolled in the National Screening Program for Transitional Age (NSPTA) in Korea, which is a nationwide representative sample of Korean people
CV event rates were 13% higher in subjects with abnormal than normal TUG results (HR: 1.13, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.03–1.24), while CV mortality rates were 56% higher in the abnormal TUG group (HR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.23–1.98)
Summary
The timed up and go test (TUG) is one of the most widely used tests of mobility. We aimed to examine whether the TUG is associated with cardiovascular (CV) events, CV mortality, and all-cause mortality. The timed up and go (TUG) test, which includes standing and walking activities common in daily life, is one of the most widely used tests of subject mobility – i.e. walking, turning and transitions. These tests are easy to perform and can assess mobility, including static balance, dynamic balance, strength in the lower extremities, and gait speed. An inability to walk 400 m [6] or slow walking speed [7, 8] is associated with a higher risk of CV disease and mortality Other functional measures, such as grip strength [9] and Short Physical Performance Battery [10], have been associated with a risk of cardiometabolic disease (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia) and mortality
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