Abstract
The boxelder bug, Leptocoris trivittatus (Say), produced epicarp lesions (EL) on developing pistachio ( Pistacia vera L.) fruits. In all caged fruit clusters in the field and laboratory, boxelder bug feeding for 48-72 h caused doughnutlike, water-soaked, brown necrotic lesions. Internally, in immature fruits (April to early May), a white netting or web pattern appeared on the inner shell tissue. As shells hardened (late May), the symptoms appeared as small black spots where bugs fed. Aprotruding elicoidal microscopic stylet sheath or “spike” was sometimes found in the center of the black spots. Boxelder bugs incited EL during the growing season until early June, while the pericarp firmness was ≤1.8kg force.
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