Abstract
The adiponectin gene is known to be involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis involving food intake, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Human adiponectin gene polymorphisms have been recently reported to be associated with obesity, insulin sensitivity and the risk of type 2 diabetes. The present study was carried out to investigate the porcine adiponectin gene as a candidate gene for fat deposition and carcass traits. A mutation of A178G of the porcine adiponectin gene that resulted in substitution of the amino acid Isoleucine to Valine was identified. AcyI PCR-RFLP was used to detect the polymorphism of the genotypes in five different pig populations (Large White, Landrace, Duroc, Chinese breeds Meishan and Qingping). The A allele frequency was significantly higher among subjects from Chinsese lard type breeds, while the G allele was the only one present in those from Western lean type breeds. To determine if there was an association of the polymorphism with phenotypic variation, the mutation was tested in 267 pigs of the Large White×Meishan F2 resource population. The results of association analyses showed significant associations of the genotypes with fat deposition and carcass traits. Allele G was significantly associated with increase in loin eye height, loin eye area and lean meat percentage and bone percentage, and decrease in fat mean percentage, ratio of lean to fat, shoulder fat thickness, 6-7 rib fat thickness, thorax-waist fat thickness and buttock fat thickness. The substitution of A178G (Ile60Val) happened to be located at amino acid 60 in the collagenous domain of porcine adiponectin which might affect the association into higher-order structures, and accordingly affect the posttranslational modifications and optimal biological activity of the multimeric forms. The identified functional polymorphism provides new evidence of adiponectin as an important candidate gene affecting fat deposition and carcass traits in pigs. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2006. Vol 19, No. 6 : 779-783)
Highlights
Al., 2000) and has been in hot research as a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes and weight loss curing (Perusse et al., Adiponectin is an abundantly expressed secretory 2004)
The associated with BMI, insulin sensitivity, and type 2 diabetes cDNA encoding adiponectin was first described as Acrp30 in some cross-sectional studies
A missense mutation (Scherer (R112C) in exon3 (Takahashi et al, 2000) and a silent et al, 1995), which subsequently reported by several T94G exchange in exon 2 (Stumvoll et al, 2002) have been laboratories independently: AdipoQ (Hu et al, 1996), associated with increased circulating adiponectin levels, and adipose most abundant gene transcript
Summary
Al., 2000) and has been in hot research as a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes and weight loss curing (Perusse et al., Adiponectin is an abundantly expressed secretory 2004). Adiponectin gene polymorphisms have been protein exclusively synthesized in adipose tissue. The associated with BMI, insulin sensitivity, and type 2 diabetes cDNA encoding adiponectin was first described as Acrp in some cross-sectional studies. Porcine adiponectin inhibition of glucose production by insulin in the liver of sequence, which has an open reading frame of 732 bp in lipotrophic mice. Genomic DNA (bp) -1,861 report on porcine adiponectin gene polymorphism until now. Polymorphisms in porcine adiponectin gene protein-coding regions in exon and exon of the porcine were identified, and the associations with phenotypic adiponectin gene using the genomic DNA from five breeds measurements were analyzed in pigs. The nucleotide sequences new candidate gene for marker assistant selection (MAS) of of each animal were compared to find out polymorphisms lean type pigs. Obesity, it implies the genetic control of pork industry and the potential application to human obesity
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