Association of TGF-β signaling in angiotensin II-induced PAI-1 mRNA upregulation in mesangial cells: role of PKC

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the intracellular signaling pathway in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced upregulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) mRNA expression in cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells, and to examine the interaction between Ang II and TGF-β signaling. Ang II-induced upregulation of PAI-1 mRNA expression was prevented by a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, bisindorylmaleimide I. While phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) upregulated the PAI-1 mRNA expression, a calcium ionophore, ionomycin, had little effect. Mesangial cells pretreated with PMA for 24 h to downregulate PKC demonstrated attenuated response to Ang II. A protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, completely blocked both Ang II- and PMA-induced PAI-1 mRNA expression. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) alone induced the expression, and in the presence of Ang II, TGF-β1 superinduced PAI-1 mRNA expression to a higher extent. Both bisindorylmaleimide I and genistein suppressed the Ang II plus TGF-β1-induced PAI-1 mRNA upregulation to the basal level, while downregulation of PKC attenuated the synergistic upregulation of PAI-1 mRNA expression to the level comparable to TGF-β1 alone. These data suggest that, in rat mesangial cells, (1) PKC and protein tyrosine kinase(s) are involved in the Ang II signaling cascade, (2) protein tyrosine kinase(s) works downstream from PKC in the cascade, and (3) there is an interaction between the Ang II and TGF-β signal pathways downstream from PKC. In in vivo settings, local activation of renin-angiotensin and TGF-β systems in the glomeruli may synergistically augment PAI-1 expression, promote mesangial matrix accumulation and progression of glomerular injury.