Association of Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione Peroxidase, Catalse, and Xanthine Oxidase with Incidence of Bladder Cancer

Abstract

Background: Emerging evidence indicates a potential role of anti-oxidant enzymes in the prevention of bladder cancer. Aims: This study assessed the correlation between the anti-oxidative enzymes with bladder cancer incidence. The present study was aimed to estimate the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and xanthine oxidase in patients to perform a comprehensive analysis of bladder cancer antioxidant capacity. These parameters were correlated with other confounding factors age, gender, smoking, grade, stage, and tumor size and find out the correlation between all studied parameters to clarify the potential link between antioxidant enzymes expression and disease progression or metastatic dissemination. Method: This case control study was done at College of Pharmacy/Hawler Medical University in period between 15/4/2013 and 15/ 4/2014 on 50 newly diagnosed patients with bladder cancer of both genders (48 men and 2 women) with a mean age 65.12 ±10.23 years, and an equal number of matched gender–age (47 men and 3 women ) apparently healthy adults were also enrolled in this study with a mean age 62 ±9.593 years. The antioxidant enzymes were measured using high pressure liquid chromatography. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 18.0. Results: There were a significant reduction in the serum superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase levels and a significant elevation in the serum xanthine oxidase level, there were no significant age differences between all age categories regarding all studied parameters except, xanthine oxidase levels, there were a significant differences between two age categories 60-69 and 70, p=0.023, there were significant differences between two age categories ˂ 60 and 60-69 regarding tumor size p= 0.042, there were no significant effect of smoking, grade and stage on the serum studied parameters levels. There were no signification correlation coefficient between all studied parameters. Conclusions: These findings supported the concept that significant reduction in the serum super oxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase levels accompanied with significant elevation in the serum xanthine oxidase level might be a pathogenic and prognostic factors in bladder cancer. This investigation therefore focused on the measurement of variables indicative of imbalances in oxidative and anti-oxidative status. Variations in antioxidant enzyme activities might be a potentially important finding as an additional diagnostic biochemical tool for BC .These findings suggest possible use of antioxidant supplementation as prophylactic agents for prevention and treatment of bladder cancer.