Abstract
ObjectiveTo study the prevalence of primary monosymptopomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) in children aged 5–10 year and to find its association with sleep disordered breathing (SDB) by using a 22 item pediatric sleep related breathing disorder (SRBD) scale.MethodsThis was a school based cross sectional epidemiological study from July 2015 to November 2015. A questionnaire seeking information on socio-demographic variables, nocturnal enuresis (NE) frequency, school performance and a validated 22 item pediatric sleep related breathing disorder scale (SRBDs) was distributed to 1820 pupils in three primary schools.ResultsA total of 1528(83.95%) questionnaires were retrieved. Out of 1528 forms, 182(11.9%) forms were incomplete for requested information and hence 1346 (73.9%) questionnaires were finally analyzed. The prevalence of NE was found to be 12.7% (95% CI; 11–14.6), whereas prevalence of primary nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) was 8.2% (95% CI; 7.1–10.1). SRBD scale score >0.33 (adjusted OR: 2.87; 95%CI: 1.67–4.92), paternal history of enuresis in childhood (adjusted OR:4.96; 95% CI: 2.36–10.45), and inappropriate toilet training (adjusted OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.01–2.66) were independently associated with PMNE.ConclusionSleep disordered breathing, inappropriate toilet training and a history of childhood NE in father were found to be significant risk factors for PMNE in the present study. Thus, these findings suggest that it is imperative to rule out SDB in PMNE patients as they may require different therapeutic interventions.
Highlights
IntroductionAmerican psychiatric association (DSM-V) defines enuresis as bedwetting in children 5 years after exclusion of organic causes[1]
Enuresis is one of the prevalent elimination disorders in childhood
Findings suggest that it is imperative to rule out sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in primary monosymptopomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) patients as they may require different therapeutic interventions
Summary
American psychiatric association (DSM-V) defines enuresis as bedwetting in children 5 years after exclusion of organic causes[1]. It must be clinically significant as manifested by either frequency of at least twice a week for at least 3 consecutive months or the presence of clinically significant distress or impairment in social, academic (occupational) or other important areas of functioning. Various studies across the globe have shown the prevalence of enuresis ranging from 4–15%. The prevalence of MNE ranged from 9–12% in these studies[3][4][5][6][7]. Sleep disturbances, genetic factors, impaired psychological maturation. and bladder dysfunction are major underlying factors responsible for MNE
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